Table 2.

Medication use by class in the CKD-MIT by CKD stage.

Medication class	CKD stage 3A (eGFR 45–59 mL/min/1.73 m2), n/N=49/141		CKD stage 3B (eGFR 30–44 mL/min/1.73 m2), n/N=52/141		CKD stage 4/5 (eGFR 15–29 mL/min/1.73 m2), n/N=40/141		Total combined medication use in CKD-MIT, N=141
	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Antihypertensive agent	45	92	46	89	39	98	130	92
ACE inhibitor/ARB	29	59	19	37	17	43	65	46
Diuretic	21	43	31	60	31	78	83	59
Loop	19	39	24	46	28	70	71	50
Thiazide	4	8	6	12	6	15	16	11
Potassium sparing	5	10	7	14	2	5	14	10
Beta blocker	21	43	28	54	20	50	69	49
Calcium channel blocker	13	27	13	25	18	45	44	31
Dihydropyridine	7	14	9	17	16	40	32	23
Non-dihydropyridine	6	12	5	10	3	8	14	10
Other antihypertensive	0	0	7	14	6	15	13	9
Other OTC/herbal	32	65	41	79	32	80	105	74
Platelet inhibitor	35	71	31	60	23	58	89	63
Aspirin	33	67	26	50	21	53	80	57
Other platelet inhibitor	6	12	17	33	6	15	29	21
Statin	29	59	35	67	22	55	86	61
Gastrointestinal agent	27	55	29	56	21	53	77	55
Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)	17	35	22	42	14	35	53	38
Other gastrointestinal agent	17	35	15	29	10	25	42	30
Antihyperglycemic agent	18	37	29	56	25	63	72	51
Insulin	13	27	19	37	21	53	53	38
Oral antihyperglycemic agent	10	20	16	31	6	15	32	23
Sulfonylurea	4	8	7	14	5	13	16	11
Metformin	7	14	6	12	1	3	14	10
DPP-4 Inhibitor	2	4	2	4	0	0	4	3
Thiazolidinedione	0	0	2	4	0	0	2	1
GLP-1 receptor agonist	1	2	1	2	0	0	2	1
Vitamin D	20	41	28	54	24	60	72	51
Psychoactive agents	24	49	28	54	17	43	69	49
Antidepressant	18	37	20	39	10	25	48	34
Anticonvulsant	8	16	9	17	5	13	22	16
Anxiolytic	8	16	4	8	5	13	17	12
Insomnia medication	3	6	4	8	0	0	7	5
Other psychoactive agent	1	2	0	0	0	0	1	<1
Opioid agonist	16	33	19	37	11	28	46	33
Acetaminophen	13	27	21	40	10	25	44	31
Thyroid supplement	13	27	13	25	11	28	37	26
Antibiotic agent	15	31	10	19	11	28	36	26
Anticoagulant	11	22	14	27	11	28	36	26
Warfarin	9	18	11	21	10	25	30	21
Direct oral anticoagulant	2	4	3	6	0	0	5	4
Heparin	0	0	0	0	1	3	1	<1
Low molecular weight heparin	0	0	0	0	1	3	1	<1
Uric acid lowering agent	13	27	9	17	13	33	35	25
Iron supplements	10	20	13	25	11	28	34	24
Nitrate	10	20	13	25	7	18	30	21
Prescription phosphate binder	0	0	2	4	3	8	12	9
Parkinson’s disease medication	3	6	2	4	1	3	6	4
NSAID	2	4	3	6	0	0	5	4
Erythropoietin stimulating agent	0	0	1	2	1	3	2	1
Potassium binder	0	0	1	2	0	0	1	<1
Dementia medication	0	0	1	2	0	0	1	<1
Anti-neoplastic	0	0	1	2	0	0	1	<1

ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; DPP-4: dipeptidyl peptidase-4; GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide-1; NSAID: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.