Table 1.
Case-Control Studiesa
| Authors, Year | Study Design | Cases | Controls | Imaging Modality Used? | Symptoms, Intra-Articular Pathology, OA, THR? | Methodology for Determining Threshold | Suggested Threshold Value | Confounders | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Cases (Hips) | Mean Age (Measure of Variation) | Sex (%, Male/Female) | (A)symptomatic | N (Hips) | Mean Age (Measure of Variation) | Sex (%, Male/Female) | (A)symptomatic | Type | Plane | ||||||
| Barrientos, 20167 | Case-control | 38 (38) | 36.1 ± 11.8 | 55/45 | Symptomatic | 101 (202) | 36.8 ± 14.4 | 41/59 | Asymptomatic | CT | Oblique axial, anterolateral 1:30-o’clock | Cases: symptomatic FAI, undergoing hip arthroscopy controls: asymptomatic | ROC | 57° | No differences in sex or age |
| Espie, 201411 | Case-control | 75 (96) | 38 (95% CI, 36-40) |
77/23 | Both | 50 (100) | 36.2 (95% CI, 34-38.4) |
54/46 | Asymptomatic | Radiograph | Frog-leg lateral | Cases: (a)symptomatic FAI controls: asymptomatic | 95% reference interval | Male: 63° Female: 58° (total: 60°) | No significant difference in age and height |
| Mascarenhas, 201831 | Case-control | 176 (176) | 35.6 ± 9 | 50/50 | Symptomatic | 372 (372) | 33.9 ± 8 | 50/50 | Asymptomatic | MRI | 360° clockwise, radial (NFS) | Cases: symptomatic FAI undergoing hip surgery Controls: asymptomatic |
ROC | 58°-60° | Weight, age, sex matched |
| Sutter, 201245 | Case-control | 53 (NFS) | 35.6 (range, 20-50) |
62/38 | Symptomatic | 53 (NFS) | 34.5 (range, 23-50) |
58/42 | Asymptomatic | MRI | Transverse-oblique: AI, anterior, AS, superior, PS | Cases: symptomatic FAI with cam morphology. Controls: asymptomatic | ROC | 60° | Age and sex matched |
aAI, anteroinferior; AS, anterosuperior; CT, computed tomography; FAI, femoroacetabular impingement; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NFS, not further specified; OA, osteoarthritis; PS, posterosuperior; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; THR, total hip replacement.