Table 1.
A Sample of GHQ-12 Threshold Studies on Various Clinical Populations after 1998
| Author | Country | Sample | Threshold | Scoring |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hardy [22] | England | Health care employees | 3/4 | GHQ-12 |
| Kuruvilla [27] | India | Primary care patients | 2/3 | GHQ-12 |
| Bhui [17] | England | Punjabi primary care patients | 2/3 | GHQ-12 |
| Aydin [16] | Turkey | Tubercolosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients |
3/4 Tubercolosis 5/6 COPD |
GHQ-12 |
| Cano [18] | USA | Veterans | 1/2 | GHQ-12 |
| Daradkeh [20] | UAE | Undergraduates | 15/16 | Likert |
| Donath [21] | Australia | General population |
3/4 0/1 |
C-GHQ GHQ-12 |
| Makowska [29] | Poland | Working adults | 2/3 | GHQ-12 |
| Holi [23] | Finland | General population | 3/4 | GHQ-12 |
| McKenzie [31] | Australia | Gulf war veterans | 1/2 | GHQ-12 |
| Picardi [33] | Italy | Dermatology patients | 3/4 | GHQ-12 |
| Martin [30] | UK | Individuals with facial disfigurement | 0/1 | C-GHQ and GHQ-12 |
| Navarro [32] | Spain | Postnatal women | 4/5 | GHQ-12 |
| Schmitz [13] | Germany | Primary care patients | 11/12 | Likert |
| Shelton [35] | England | Postnatal women |
4/5 14/15 |
GHQ-12 Likert |
| Krespi Boothby [26] | Turkey | Breast cancer patients |
1/2 affective disorders 1/2 generalised anxiety disorder 3/4 major depression |
GHQ-12 |
| Yusoff [36] | Malaysia | Medical students | 3/4 | GHQ-12 |
| Baksheev [7] | Australia | High school students |
9/10 for males 10/11 for females |
Likert |
| Caraveo-Anduaga [19] | Mexico | Primary care patients | 2/3 | GHQ-12 |
| Cornelius (2013) | The Netherlands | Disability claimants | 19/20 | Likert |
| John [24] | India | General population | 3/4 | GHQ-12 |
| Kim [25] | Korea | General population | 2/3 | GHQ-12 |
| Lundin [28] | Sweden | General population |
11/12 5/6 1/2 |
Likert C-GHQ GHQ-12 |
| Ruiz [34] | Colombia | Undergraduates; female adults; psychiatric patients |
2/3 11/12 |
GHQ-12 Likert |