Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by the presence of falling history
| Variables | Total (n = 1,008,192) | Individuals with the fall history (n = 63,939) | Individuals without the fall history (n = 944,253) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 66.0 | 66.0 | 66.0 | |
| Sex | < 0.001 | |||
| Male | 474,284 (47.0) | 20,961 (32.8) | 453,323 (48.0) | |
| Female | 533,908 (53.0) | 42,978 (67.2) | 490,930 (52.0) | |
| Smoking | < 0.001 | |||
| Never smoker | 699,442 (69.4) | 48,737 (76.4) | 650,705 (69.0) | |
| Ex-smoker | 175,003 (17.4) | 8450 (13.2) | 166,553 (17.7) | |
| Current smoker | 132,666 (13.2) | 6642 (10.4) | 126,024 (13.4) | |
| Alcohola | < 0.001 | |||
| Non-drinker | 719,182 (71.7) | 48,987 (77.0) | 670,195 (71.3) | |
| Moderate drinker | 244,632 (24.3) | 12,504 (19.7) | 232,128 (24.7) | |
| Heavy drinker | 39,995 (4.0) | 2126 (3.3) | 37,869 (4.0) | |
| Regular exerciseb | 467,788 (46.5) | 26,687 (41.8) | 441,101 (46.8) | < 0.001 |
| Household income status percentiles | 0.001 | |||
| ≤ 20 (low) | 246,929 (24.5) | 16,388 (25.6) | 230,541 (24.4) | |
| 30–50 | 236,518 (23.5) | 14,454 (22.6) | 222,064 (23.5) | |
| 60–80 | 317,183 (31.5) | 20,073 (31.4) | 297,110 (31.5) | |
| ≥ 90 (high) | 207,562 (20.5) | 13,024 (20.4) | 194,538 (20.6) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.32 ± 3.03 | 24.53 ± 3.18 | 24.31 ± 3.02 | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 546,896 (54.3) | 35,698 (55.9) | 511,198 (54.2) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 204,168 (20.3) | 14,329 (22.4) | 189,839 (20.1) | < 0.001 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 369,783 (36.7) | 25,918 (40.6) | 343,865 (36.4) | < 0.001 |
| Depressive symptom | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 879,380 (87.4) | 44,523 (69.8) | 834,857 (88.6) | |
| Yes | 126,990 (12.6) | 19,297 (30.2) | 107,693 (11.4) | |
| Follow up duration | 4.23 ± 1.5 | 4.24 ± 1.5 | 4.23 ± 1.5 | 0.147 |
Data are n (%) and the mean ± standard deviation. P-values are calculated by the student t-test for continuous variables and by the chi-square test for categorical variables
aDaily amount of alcohol consumption was categorized as follows: heavy drinker, ≥30 g/day; moderate drinker, 1–30 g/day; and nondrinker
bRegular exercise indicates ≥20 min of vigorous-intensity physical activity ≥3 days a week or ≥ 30 min of moderate-intensity physical activity ≥5 days a week