Table 3.
Differences in potentially inappropriate medication use between Medicare beneficiaries with and without cancer after propensity score matching.
| Breast cancer-female | Prostate cancer-male | Colorectal cancer-female | Colorectal cancer-male | All types of cancer | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | P value | N (%) | N (%) | P value | N (%) | N (%) | P value | N (%) | N (%) | P value | N (%) | N (%) | P value | |
| Cancer (N = 4869) | Non-cancer (N = 4869) | Cancer (N = 4824) | Non-cancer (N = 4824) | Cancer (N = 1467) | Non-cancer (N = 1467) | Cancer (N = 1037) | Non-cancer (N = 1037) | Cancer (N = 12,197) | Non-cancer (N = 12,197) | ||||||
| Variables used for propensity score matching- After matching | |||||||||||||||
| Sex | 1.00 | ||||||||||||||
| Female | 6336 (51.9%) | 6336 (51.9%) | |||||||||||||
| Male | - | - | 5861 (48.1%) | 5861 (48.1%) | |||||||||||
| Region | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| NE | 975 (20.0%) | 975 (20.0%) | 855 (17.7%) | 855 (17.7%) | 328 (22.4%) | 328 (22.4%) | 209 (20.2%) | 209 (20.2%) | 2367 (19.4%) | 2367 (19.4%) | |||||
| MW | 654 (13.4%) | 654 (13.4%) | 623 (12.9%) | 623 (12.9%) | 206 (14.0%) | 206 (14.0%) | 136 (13.1%) | 136 (13.1%) | 1619 (13.3%) | 1619 (13.3%) | |||||
| South | 1177 (24.2%) | 1177 (24.2%) | 1195 (24.8%) | 1195 (24.8%) | 372 (25.4%) | 372 (25.4%) | 257 (24.8%) | 257 (24.8%) | 3001 (24.6%) | 3001 (24.6%) | |||||
| West | 2063 (42.4%) | 2063 (42.4%) | 2151 (44.6%) | 2151 (44.6%) | 561 (38.2%) | 561 (38.2%) | 435 (41.9%) | 435 (41.9%) | 5210 (42.7%) | 5210 (42.7%) | |||||
| Race | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| White | 4068 (83.6%) | 4068 (83.6%) | 3871 (80.2%) | 3871 (80.2%) | 1159 (79.0%) | 1159 (79.0%) | 812 (78.3%) | 812 (78.3%) | 9910 (81.3%) | 9910 (81.3%) | |||||
| Black | 395 (8.1%) | 395 (8.1%) | 476 (9.9%) | 476 (9.9%) | 147 (10.0%) | 147 (10.0%) | 72 (6.9%) | 72 (6.9%) | 1090 (8.9%) | 1090 (8.9%) | |||||
| Other | 406 (8.3%) | 406 (8.3%) | 477 (9.9%) | 477 (9.9%) | 161 (11.0%) | 161 (11.0%) | 153 (14.8%) | 153 (14.8%) | 1197 (9.8%) | 1197 (9.8%) | |||||
| Age | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| 66–69 | 1238 (25.4%) | 1238 (25.4%) | 1573 (32.6%) | 1573 (32.6%) | 214 (14.6%) | 214 (14.6%) | 238 (23.0%) | 238 (23.0%) | 3263 (26.8%) | 3263 (26.8%) | |||||
| 70–74 | 1302 (26.8%) | 1302 (26.8%) | 1676 (34.7%) | 1676 (34.7%) | 304 (20.7%) | 304 (20.7%) | 273 (26.3%) | 273 (26.3%) | 3555 (29.1%) | 3555 (29.1%) | |||||
| 75–79 | 994 (20.4%) | 994 (20.4%) | 965 (20.0%) | 965 (20.0%) | 326 (22.2%) | 326 (22.2%) | 224 (21.6%) | 224 (21.6%) | 2509 (20.6%) | 2509 (20.6%) | |||||
| ≥80 | 1335 (27.4%) | 1335 (27.4%) | 610 (12.7%) | 610 (12.7%) | 623 (42.5%) | 623 (42.5%) | 302 (29.1%) | 302 (29.1%) | 2870 (23.5%) | 2870 (23.5%) | |||||
| PIM use after matching | |||||||||||||||
| PIM | <.0001 | 0.53 | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 | ||||||||||
| Yes | 3085 (63.4%) | 2729 (56.1%) | 2371 (49.2%) | 2340 (48.5%) | 1048 (71.4%) | 837 (57.1%) | 693 (66.8%) | 509 (49.1%) | 7197 (59.0%) | 6431 (52.7%) | |||||
| No | 1784 (36.6%) | 2140 (43.9%) | 2453 (50.8%) | 2484 (51.5%) | 419 (28.6%) | 630 (42.9%) | 344 (33.2%) | 528 (50.9%) | 5000 (41.0%) | 5766 (47.3%) | |||||
| PIM- Section I | <.0001 | 0.13 | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 | ||||||||||
| Yes | 2876 (59.1%) | 2433 (50.0%) | 2075 (43.0%) | 2001 (41.5%) | 979 (66.7%) | 722 (49.2%) | 635 (61.2%) | 426 (41.1%) | 6565 (53.8%) | 5600 (45.9%) | |||||
| No | 1993 (40.9%) | 2436 (50.0%) | 2749 (57.0%) | 2823 (58.5%) | 488 (33.3%) | 745 (50.8%) | 402 (38.8%) | 611 (58.9%) | 5632 (46.2%) | 6597 (54.1%) | |||||
| PIM- Section II | <.0001 | 0.001 | 0.23 | <.0001 | 0.11 | ||||||||||
| Yes | 628 (12.9%) | 841 (17.3%) | 1032 (21.4%) | 897 (18.6%) | 314 (21.4%) | 288 (19.6%) | 366 (35.3%) | 225 (21.7%) | 2340 (19.2%) | 2243 (18.4%) | |||||
| No | 4241 (87.1%) | 4028 (82.7%) | 3792 (78.6%) | 3927 (81.4%) | 1153 (78.6%) | 1179 (80.4%) | 671 (64.7%) | 812 (78.3%) | 9857 (80.8%) | 9954 (81.6%) | |||||
| PIM- Section III | <.0001 | 0.13 | <.0001 | 0.001 | <.0001 | ||||||||||
| Yes | 1232 (25.3%) | 1011 (20.8%) | 740 (15.3%) | 795 (16.5%) | 399 (27.2%) | 305 (20.8%) | 223 (21.5%) | 165 (15.9%) | 2594 (21.3%) | 2215 (18.2%) | |||||
| No | 3637 (74.7%) | 3858 (79.2%) | 4084 (84.7%) | 4029 (83.5%) | 1068 (72.8%) | 1162 (79.2%) | 814 (78.5%) | 872 (84.1%) | 9603 (78.7%) | 9982 (81.8%) | |||||
| Multivariate logistic regression | |||||||||||||||
| PIM | A OR | P value | AOR | AOR | P value | AOR | P value | AOR | P value | ||||||
| yes vs no | 1.30 (1.19, 1.42) | <.0001 | 1.06 (0.97, 1.16) | 0.18 | 1.94 (1.64, 2.28) | <.0001 | 2.10 (1.74, 2.54) | <.0001 | 1.30 (1.23, 1.38) | <.0001 | |||||
Note: polypharmacy and number of chronic conditions were adjusted in the multivariate logistic regression models. Cancer was excluded when we calculated the number of chronic conditions in this study. The PIM use was determined by using the 2015 American Geriatrics Society (AGS) Beers criteria. Section I indicates the specific drugs to avoid. Section II refers to drug-disease interaction. Section III refers to drug-drug interaction.
Abbreviation: AOR: adjusted odds ratio; NE: north east; MW: middle west; PIM: potentially inappropriate medication.