Diagram of the workflow for experiments presented in Figs 2 and 3. (a) Timelines for Pre-exposure vs. Post-exposure to anaesthetics and hyperoxia relative to traumatic brain injury (TBI). The standard exposure duration was 2 h of 2% isoflurane (ISO), 3.5% sevoflurane (SEVO), and/or 100% O2 (purple, yellow, and green lines, respectively). After pre-exposure, the anaesthetic was flushed for 5 min (red rectangle). TBI was administered with 5 min intervals between strikes. (b) Experimental schematic illustrating all of the experimental and control conditions. Vials one through eight (V1eV8) were considered one experimental unit. Horizontal rows show exposure to interventions (þ) or lack thereof (e). For example, V1 undergoes no intervention and serves as control for natural attrition. V5 undergoes only TBI. See methods and statistical appendix in supplementary material for details.