Figure 1.

The synergistic Learning PIC framework for evidence-based learning healthcare systems: In a learning healthcare system, data would inform predictions that would allow for the generation of new knowledge to inform patient care. Then, data collected from patient care can be used to inform future decision-making in a cycle of continuous learning. Nevertheless, as shown in the red boxes, there are numerous challenges hindering the realisation of learning healthcare systems. Our synergistic Learning PIC framework is designed to address each of these barriers.