Figure 7.

Phenotypic Impacts of Genetic Variation in the SARS-CoV-2 RBD

(A) Distribution of effects on ACE2 binding of mutations observed among circulating SARS-CoV-2 isolates. The distribution of mutation effects is shown for all amino acid mutations accessible via single-nucleotide mutation from the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 gene sequence, compared to the distributions for subsets of mutations that are observed in sequenced SARS-CoV-2 isolates deposited in GISAID at increasing observation count thresholds. n, number of mutations in each subset.

(B) Summary of most frequent mutations among GISAID sequences, reporting our deep mutational scanning measured effect on binding and expression, the number of GISAID sequences containing the mutation, and the number of geographic regions from which a mutation has been reported.

(C and D) Validation of the mutational effects on binding (C) and expression (D) for 4 of the 5 most frequent circulating RBD variants. S477N rose to high frequency after we began our validation experiments, and so was not included. Error bars in (D) are standard error from 11 samples.

See also Figure S7.