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. 2020 Aug 11;155:141–168. doi: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.02.003

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Fig. 2 — Anti-inflammatory role of βHB in neurodegenerative diseases: (A) Neurodegeneration induces the A1 proinflammatory astrocyte (purple cell) response and triggers microglia-mediated (orange cell) phagocytosis. Transcription and release of proinflammatory factors increase the HDAC- and NLRP3-mediated inflammatory responses in glia, promoting neuronal (pink cell) death by neurotoxic cross-talk between proinflammatory microglia and astrocytes. (B) βHB may decrease inflammation signaling, in part, by inhibiting HDACs and impairing NLRP3 inflammasome formation.