Table 5.

Strengths and weaknesses of workflow frameworks

Workflow	Strengths	Weaknesses
Laboratory processes the test	Lower cost to pharmacy for supplies and staff	Testing turnaround time
Pharmacist processes the test	Rapid testing turnaround time Device can be used for other testing	Initial cost for testing devices Staffing and resource requirements
Patient collects specimen	Decreased potential for exposure Less stringent PPE requirements	Potential for patient collection error Decreased relationship building with patient
Pharmacist collects specimen	Decreased potential for collection error	Potential exposure to staff Stringent PPE requirement
In-pharmacy testing	Relationship building with patient	Potential exposure to staff Cost of extra PPE Cost of cleaning Time for cleaning Lower volume of testing owing to cleaning
Drive-through or drive-up testing	PPE requirements not as stringent (lower cost) Less potential for exposure for staff Higher volume of testing	May require additional staffing

Abbreviation used: PPE, personal protective equipment.