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. 2020 Jul 23;111(8):2974–2986. doi: 10.1111/cas.14530

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Directed acyclic graph indicating the mediating roles of use of alcohol, betel quids, and cigarettes, oral hygiene status, intake of vegetables and fruits, and additional unmeasured factors on the pathway for the association between socioeconomic status (eg education, income) and head and neck cancer