Table 1.

List of Selected Non-coding RNAs, Their Functions, and Targets

ncRNA	Impact on Osteogenesis	Role in Tumorigenesis	Examined Cell Lines	Targets	References
miR-17-5p	downregulation	oncogene	huASCs, MC3T3-E1, MG-63, U-2 OS, Saos-2, 143B	BRCC2, BMP-2, SMAD7, Wnt/β-catenin signaling	100, 101, 102, 103, 104
miR-21	upregulation downregulation (?)	oncogene	huBMSCs, MC3T3-E1, 4B12, MG-63, U-2 OS, Saos-2, HOS, 143B	SMAD family proteins, RUNX2, OCN, OPN, OCL, COLL-1, MMP-9, OPG, RANKL, RANK, IL-6, IL-8	25,27,29,30,105
miR-124	downregulation	suppressor gene	huBMSCs, MG-63	TGF-β family proteins, DLX family proteins, OSX, CDK2, MPC-1	26,41,43, 44, 45
miR-149	downregulation	suppressor gene	raBMSCs, MG-63, U-2 OS, Saos-2, HOS, 143B	ERK/MAPK signaling, SDF-1, PI3K/AKT pathway	106, 107, 108
miR-203	upregulation downregulation	suppressor gene	huBMSCs, huH226, MG-63, U-2 OS, Saos-2	RUNX2, DLX5, MMP-1, SMAD3, TGF-β family proteins, IL-6, RAB22A, TBK1	47,49,51,54, 55, 56
miR-223	upregulation downregulation	suppressor gene	MC3T3-E1, huBMSCs, 143B, U-2 OS	HDAC2, CSFR1/M-CSFR, CDH6	18,58,59,63,109
lncDANCR	downregulation	oncogene	huBMSCs, human monocytes, 143B	TNF-α, RANKL, miR-33a-5p, miR-216a-5p/SOX5	69,70,110
lncTUG1	upregulation	oncogene	huPDLSCs, huTPSCs, huBMSCs, MG-63, U-2 OS	miR-204, miR-211, miR-132/ SOX4, RUNX2,	24,74,77
lncMALAT1	upregulation	oncogene	huASCs, huFLSs huFOB1.19, MG-63, U-2 OS, Saos-2	miR-204, SMAD4, miR-30, miR-124, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, CTNNB1	4,81,82
lncHOTAIR	downregulation	oncogene	huBMSCs, huAVICs, MG-63	miR-138, miR-204, miR17-5p/SMAD7 axis, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, NF-κB signaling	4,92,94,111
lncH19	upregulation	oncogene	raBMSCs, raEMSCs, MG-63, U-2 OS, Saos-2, HOB	Wnt/β-catenin signaling, miR-138, miR-149/SDF-1 axis	107,112, 113, 114, 115

ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; AVIC, aortic valve interstitial cell.