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. 2020 Aug 11;11:4017. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17847-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 8 — A model of the initial steps of mucin degradation on the surface of Bacteroides spp. and A. muciniphila. Sialic acid is removed by surface-localised sialidases and the GH16 enzymes remove oligosaccharides for import into the periplasm for further degradation by other CAZymes, including periplasmic GH16 O-glycanases. In Bacteroides species, glycan import is via energy dependent SusCD-like complexes, but in A. muciniphila the mechanism of glycan import across the outer membrane is unknown. The remaining mucin glycoprotein is likely further degraded by other extracellular CAZymes and glycopeptidases^19,29,50.