Table 1.
Participant characteristics (n = 3863, 2011–2015).
| T0 | T1 | T2 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Background characteristics | |||
| Age in years, mean (SD, range) | 60.4 (7.0, 50–89) | ||
| Females, number (%) | 1926 (49.9) | ||
| Married, number (%) | 3397 (87.9) | ||
| Rural residence, number (%) | 2487 (64.4) | ||
| Level of education, number (%) | |||
| Low | 3440 (89.0) | ||
| Medium | 378 (9.8) | ||
| High | 45 (1.2) | ||
| Empty-nest, number (yes, %) | 1985 (51.4) | ||
| (Multi)morbidity, number (%) | |||
| No | 1078 (27.9) | ||
| 1 disease | 1100 (28.5) | ||
| ≥2 diseases | 1685 (43.6) | ||
| Total household income per capita, number (%) | |||
| Lowest quintile | 689 (17.8) | 855 (22.1) | 1202 (31.1) |
| Lower quintile | 818 (21.2) | 776 (20.1) | 871 (22.5) |
| Middle quintile | 828 (21.4) | 624 (16.2) | 454 (11.8) |
| Higher quintile | 776 (20.1) | 725 (18.8) | 552 (14.3) |
| Highest quintile | 752 (19.5) | 883 (22.9) | 784 (20.3) |
| Social participation (active, %) | 1819 (47.1) | 2021 (52.3) | 1774 (45.9) |
SD, standard deviation; T0, baseline; T1, 2-year follow-up; T2, 4-year follow-up.