Fig. 2.
NMR-based metabolomic analysis. (A) Typical 1H NMR spectrum obtained from the cortex in normal control mice. Metabolite abbreviation: ADP, adenosine diphosphate; AMP, adenosine monophosphate; Cre/pCre, creatine/phosphocreatine; GABA, γ-Aminobutyric acid; IMP, inosine monophosphate; NAA, N-acetylaspartate; NAD+, nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide. × 4, 4 times magnification. (B) Differences of metabolic patterns among different brain regions in female and male mice under normal control (CON) and type 1 diabetic (T1D) states analyzed by principal component analysis. Brain regions: Hip, hippocampus; Cor, cortex; Cer, cerebellum; Str, Striatum; Hyp, hypothalamus; Mid, midbrain.