Table 1.
Characteristics of the Included Patients
| Characteristics | All Participants (n= 612) | PASP < 35mmHg (n= 491, 80.2%) | PASP ≥ 35mmHg (n= 121, 19.8%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y (median, range) | 66 (59, 73) | 65 (59, 71) | 72 (63, 77) | < 0.001 |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.328 | |||
| Male | 381 (62.3) | 301 (61.3) | 80 (66.1) | |
| Female | 231 (37.7) | 190 (38.7) | 41 (33.9) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 (mean ± SD) | 24.1 ± 3.5 | 24.2 ± 3.4 | 23.8 ± 3.6 | 0.324 |
| Symptom, n (%) | 0.257 | |||
| Negative | 240 (39.2) | 198 (40.3) | 42 (34.7) | |
| Positive | 372 (60.8) | 293 (59.7) | 79 (65.3) | |
| CCI, n (%) | 0.434 | |||
| ≤ 2 | 457 (75.2) | 370 (75.4%) | 87 (71.9) | |
| > 2 | 155 (25.3) | 121 (24.6%) | 34 (28.1) | |
| History of other cancer, n (%) | 20 (3.3) | 15 (3.1) | 5 (4.1) | 0.551 |
| Smoking history, n (%) | 0.065 | |||
| No | 309 (50.5) | 257 (52.3) | 52 (43.0) | |
| Yes | 303 (49.5) | 234 (47.7) | 69 (57.0) | |
| Alcohol history, n (%) | 0.781 | |||
| No | 501 (81.9) | 403 (82.1) | 98 (81.0) | |
| Yes | 111 (18.1) | 88 (17.9) | 23 (19.0) | |
| Coagulation function, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Normal | 499 (81.5) | 424 (86.4) | 75 (62.0) | |
| Abnormala | 113 (18.5) | 67 (13.6) | 46 (38.0) | |
| Hb, g/L (median, range) | 135.8 (127.0, 146.0) | 136 (128.0, 146.0) | 134 (122.0, 144.0) | 0.077 |
| IBIL, μmol/L (median, range) | 9.0 (7.1, 11.4) | 9.1 (7.3, 11.4) | 8.8 (6.8, 10.8) | 0.119 |
| Platelets, x10^10/L (median, range) | 212.0 (176.0, 257.8) | 212 (176.0, 257.0) | 209 (171.5, 264.5) | 0.930 |
| GGOb, n (%) | 94 (15.4) | 75 (15.3) | 19 (15.7) | 0.907 |
| Clinical stage, n (%) | 0.132 | |||
| I | 222 (36.3) | 186 (37.9) | 36 (29.8) | |
| II | 48 (7.8) | 40 (8.1) | 8 (6.6) | |
| III–IV | 342 (55.9) | 265 (54.0) | 77 (63.6) | |
| Echocardiographic parameter | ||||
| PASP, mmHg (median, range) | 28.3 (24.0, 33.0) | 26.3 (23.0, 30.0) | 39.0 (36.9, 42.8) | < 0.001 |
| LVEF, % (median, range) | 71.0 (65.0, 76.0) | 71.0 (65.8, 76.0) | 71.0 (63.5, 75.9) | 0.403 |
| Histological type, n (%) | 0.160 | |||
| Adenocarcinoma | 379 (61.9) | 302 (61.5) | 77 (63.6) | |
| Squamous-cell carcinoma | 202 (33.0) | 160 (32.6) | 42 (34.7) | |
| Other typesc | 31 (5.1) | 29 (5.9) | 2 (1.7) | |
| Intrapulmonary metastasis, n (%) | 43 (7.0) | 24 (4.9) | 19 (15.7) | < 0.001 |
| Lymph node metastasis, n (%) | 241 (39.4) | 185 (37.7) | 56 (46.3) | 0.083 |
| Distant metastasis, n (%) | 96 (15.9) | 69 (14.1) | 27 (22.3) | 0.025 |
| Treatment types, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Surgery | 520 (85.0) | 432 (88.0) | 88 (72.7) | |
| Chemotherapy | 62 (10.1) | 41 (8.4) | 21 (17.4) | |
| Radiotherapy | 5 (0.8) | 5 (1.0) | 0 | |
| Other | 25 (4.1) | 13 (2.6) | 12 (9.9) | |
| Perioperative death, n (%) | 12 (2.5) | 4 (4.8) | 8 (2.0) | |
| Surgical types, n (%) | 0.988 | |||
| Thoracotomy | 219 (42.1) | 182 (42.1) | 37 (42.0) | |
| VATS | 301 (57.9) | 250 (57.9) | 51 (58.0) |
Notes: aAbnormal coagulation function was defined as the presence of D-dimer >0.24mg/L or FDP > 5mg/L. bChest scan shows ground-glass opacity, cOther subtypes include large cell lung cancer, carcinoid, sarcomatoid carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, lymphoepithelial carcinoma.
Abbreviations: PASP, pulmonary artery systolic pressure; BMI, body mass index; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; Hb, hemoglobin; IBIL, indirect bilirubin; GGO, ground gross opacity; PASP, pulmonary artery systolic pressure; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; VATS, video-assisted thoracic surgery.