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. 2020 Jul 12;10(3):257–269. doi: 10.34172/hpp.2020.40

Table 2. Dominant frames used in the coverage of COVID-19 .

Frame Variable Media Total
No. (%)
BBC
No. (%)
Daily Mail
No. (%)
Le Monde No. (%) Vatican
No. (%)
CNN
No. (%)
NYT
No. (%)
Punch
No. (%)
Pples Daily
No. (%)
Economic
Conseq
Loss 112 (10.9) 96 (8.5) 31 (8.9) - 101 (9.7) 56 (5.7) 34 (7.4) 71 (9.6) 502 (8.1)
Gain 21 (2.1) 32 (2.8) 10 (2.9) - 57 (5.5) 46 (4.7) 20 (4.4) 23 (3.1) 208 (3.4)
Human interest Positive 76 (7.4) 103 (9.2) 17 (4.9) 35 (8.1) 37 (3.6) 101 (10.3) 68 (14.8) 49 (6.6) 479 (7.7)
Negative 296 (28.9 307 (27.3 48 (13.8 47 (10.9) 123 (11.8) 191 (19.5) 22 (4.8) 11 (1.5) 1040 (16.9)
Conflict Conflict 32 (3.1) 31 (2.8) 06 (1.8) - 135 (12.9) 144 (14.6) 02 (0.4) 25 (3.4) 375 (6.2)
Morality/
Religion
Positive 18 (1.8) 14 (1.2) - 26 (6.0) 44 (4.2) 19 (1.9) 12 (2.6) 35 (4.7) 163 (2.6)
Negative 51 (4.9) 31 (2.8) - 98 (22.6) 85 (8.2) 11 (1.1) 53 (11.6) 06 (0.8) 354 (5.8)
Att of Res Blame 88 (8.6) 105 (9.3) 78 (22.5) - 118 (11.3) 83 (8.4) 78 (17.0) 88 (11.9) 638 (10.4)
Politicisation Blame 27 (2.6) 36 (3.2) 35 (10.1 14 (3.2) 76 (7.3) 69 (7.0) 17 (3.7) 78 (10.6) 350 (5.7)
Defence - 16 (1.4) - - 12 (1.2) 07 (0.7) 04 (0.9) 118 (16.0 157 (2.6)
Ethnicisation Positive 21 (2.1) 17 (1.5) 11 (3.2) 11 (2.5) 23 (2.2) 22 (2.2) 10 (2.1) 11 (1.5) 125 (2.0)
Negative 09 (0.9) 05 (0.4) - - 44 (4.2) 13 (1.3) 02 (0.4) 40 (5.4) 114 (1.9)
Fear/Scaremongeri Positive 101 (9.9) 151 (13.4 54 (15.6) 09 (2.1) 44 (4.2) 117 (11.9) 75 (16.4) 31 (4.2) 582 (9.5)
Negative 21 (2.1) 34 (3.0) 11 (3.2) 36 (8.3) 67 (6.4) 67 (6.8) 08 (1.7) 65 (8.8) 309 (5.0)
Hope Solution 59 (5.8) 44 (3.9) 25 (7.2) 94 (21.7) 24 (2.3) 14 (1.4) 36 (7.7) 54 (7.3) 354 (5.8)
Palliative 91 (8.9) 102 (9.0) 21 (6.1) 63 (14.5) 51 (4.9) 22 (2.2) 17 (3.7) 32 (4.3) 395 (6.4)
Total 1023 (16.6) 1124 (18.3) 347 (5.6) 433 (7.0) 1041 (16.9) 982 (15.9) 458 (7.5) 737 (11.9 6145 (100)