Table 2. Characteristics Associated With Follow-up Mental Health Visit Within 7 Days.
| Characteristic | Mental health visit within 7 d, No. (%) | OR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n = 74 632) | No (n = 65 062) | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |
| Age, y | ||||
| 10-13 | 25 006 (33.5) | 18 493 (28.4) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 14-18 | 49 626 (66.5) | 46 569 (71.6) | 0.79 (0.77-0.81) | 0.82 (0.80-0.84) |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 39 020 (52.3) | 33 517 (51.5) | 1.03 (1.01-1.05) | 1.05 (1.02-1.07) |
| Male | 35 612 (47.7) | 31 545 (48.5) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 37 680 (50.5) | 30 200 (46.4) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 15 547 (20.8) | 14 942 (23.0) | 0.83 (0.81-0.86) | 0.82 (0.79-0.84) |
| Hispanic | 13 722 (18.4) | 12 301 (18.9) | 0.89 (0.87-0.92) | 0.91 (0.88-0.93) |
| Othera | 7683 (10.3) | 7619 (11.7) | 0.81 (0.78-0.84) | 0.84 (0.81-0.87) |
| Eligibility status | ||||
| Poverty | 48 232 (64.6) | 44 957 (69.1) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Disability | 13 877 (18.6) | 12 640 (19.4) | 1.02 (1.00-1.05) | 1.00 (0.97-1.04) |
| Foster care | 12 523 (16.8) | 7465 (11.5) | 1.56 (1.52-1.61) | 1.32 (1.28-1.37) |
| Insurance type | ||||
| Fee for service | 44 950 (60.2) | 35 480 (54.5) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Managed care | 29 682 (39.8) | 29 582 (45.5) | 0.79 (0.78-0.81) | 0.88 (0.87-0.91) |
| Length of stay, d | ||||
| 1-3 | 19 839 (26.6) | 24 374 (37.5) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 4-5 | 19 008 (25.5) | 17 029 (26.2) | 1.37 (1.33-1.41) | 1.20 (1.17-1.24) |
| 6-7 | 16 051 (21.5) | 11 487 (17.7) | 1.72 (1.67-1.77) | 1.47 (1.43-1.52) |
| 8-12 | 13 024 (17.5) | 7816 (12.0) | 2.05 (1.98-2.12) | 1.75 (1.69-1.81) |
| 13-30 | 6710 (9.0) | 4356 (6.7) | 1.89 (1.81-1.97) | 1.71 (1.63-1.78) |
| Primary discharge diagnosis | ||||
| Depression | 27 742 (37.2) | 23 052 (35.4) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Bipolar disorder or other mood disorder | 26 955 (36.1) | 19 543 (3.0) | 1.15 (1.12-1.18) | 1.02 (1.00-1.05) |
| Anxiety | 2535 (3.4) | 2296 (3.5) | 0.92 (0.87-0.97) | 0.86 (0.81-0.91) |
| ADHD | 2539 (3.4) | 2509 (3.9) | 0.84 (0.79-0.89) | 0.80 (0.75-0.85) |
| Substance use | 1508 (2.0) | 3945 (6.1) | 0.32 (0.30-0.34) | 0.35 (0.33-0.37) |
| Adjustment | 2464 (3.3) | 3089 (4.8) | 0.66 (0.63-0.70) | 0.75 (0.71-0.79) |
| Conduct or oppositional defiance | 4706 (6.3) | 4086 (6.3) | 0.96 (0.92-1.00) | 0.89 (0.85-0.93) |
| Schizophrenia | 4430 (5.9) | 3683 (5.7) | 1.00 (0.95-1.05) | 0.96 (0.91-1.01) |
| Otherb | 1753 (2.4) | 2859 (4.4) | 0.51 (0.48-0.54) | 0.54 (0.51-0.58) |
| Prior inpatient care | 5011 (6.7) | 3848 (5.9) | 1.15 (1.10-1.20) | 1.19 (1.12-1.25) |
| Prior emergency department visit | 12 381 (16.6) | 9267 (14.2) | 1.20 (1.16-1.23) | 1.12 (1.08-1.17) |
| Prior outpatient care | 20 922 (28.0) | 12 839 (19.7) | 1.58 (1.55-1.63) | 1.58 (1.51-1.65) |
| Recent self-harm | 925 (1.2) | 896 (1.4) | 0.90 (0.82-0.99) | 0.82 (0.74-0.90) |
| Psychiatric comorbidities, No. | ||||
| 0 | 44 047 (59.0) | 43 210 (66.4) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 1 | 12 109 (16.2) | 9956 (15.3) | 1.19 (1.16-1.23) | 0.92 (0.88-0.97) |
| ≥2 | 18 476 (24.8) | 11 896 (18.3) | 1.52 (1.48-1.57) | 0.98 (0.92-1.03) |
| Chronic medical condition | 4115 (5.5) | 4154 (6.4) | 0.86 (0.82-0.89) | 0.77 (0.74-0.81) |
Abbreviations: ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; OR, odds ratio.
a
Includes Native American or Alaskan, Asian, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, and more than 1 race/ethnicity.
b
Includes all mental health disorders coded as International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes 290-319 not otherwise categorized above.