Table 1. . Demographic, clinical and laboratory findings of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients and controls.
| Character | CLL patients (n = 81) | Controls (n = 75) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender – Males, n (%) – Females, n (%) |
47 (58.02) 34 (41.98) |
46 (61.33) 29 (38.67) |
0.362 (NS) |
| Age (years), mean ± standard deviation | 58.25 ± 9.67 | 51.18 ± 7.0 | 0.125 (NS) |
| Course of disease: – Newly diagnosed, n (%) – Indolent, n (%) – Aggressive, n (%) |
0 (12.35) 32 (39.51) 39 (48.14) |
– | – |
| Staging (Binet) at diagnosis, – Stage A, n (%) – Stage B, n (%) – Stage C, n (%) |
11 (13.6) 29 (35.8) 41 (50.6) |
– | – |
| Family history of leukemia or other types of cancer, n (%) | 14 (17.3) | 6 (8) | 0.000‡ |
| Smoking, n (%) | 24 (29.6) | 15 (20) | 0.073 (NS) |
| Clinical findings: – Lymphadenopathy, n (%) – Splenomegaly, n (%) – Hepatomegaly, n (%) |
59 (72.8) 56 (69.1) 34 (41.9) |
– | |
|
ITGA4 gene regulation – Downregulated <0.5-fold – Upregulated >1.5-fold |
20 (24.7) 38 (46.9) |
3 (4.0) 29 (38.7) |
0.034† |
|
ITGA4 gene methylation % – CpG site-1 % (mean ± SE) – CpG site-2 % (mean ± SE) – CpG site-3 % (mean ± SE) – CpG site-4 % (mean ± SE) |
26.9 ± 0.93 2.9 ± 0.16 3.7 ± 0.19 7.6 ± 0.28 |
7.4 ± 0.49 2.1 ± 0.2 2.9 ± 0.0.2 6.9 ± 0.26 |
<0.001‡ 0.007‡ 0.009‡ 0.149 |
†
p < 0.05 is considered significant.
‡
p < 0.01 is considered highly significant.
CLL: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia; NS: Non-significant; SE: Standard error.