Clinical Diagnoses Across the Entire Sample
| Pain Diagnoses | Total Sample (N = 202) | |
|---|---|---|
| n | % | |
| Diffuse Musculoskeletal Pain | 55 | 27.2 |
| Myofascial pain syndrome | 2 | 1.0 |
| Fibromyalgia | 42 | 20.8 |
| Complex regional pain syndrome-I/II | 5 | 2.5 |
| EDS/hypermobility syndrome | 8 | 4.0 |
| Spasticity | 1 | 0.5 |
| Back Pain | 81 | 40.1 |
| Low back pain | 38 | 18.8 |
| Chronic back pain | 12 | 5.9 |
| Thoracic back pain | 6 | 3.0 |
| Herniated disc | 2 | 1.0 |
| Dorsalgia | 1 | 0.5 |
| Scoliosis | 4 | 2.0 |
| Spondylosis | 4 | 2.0 |
| Thoracic outlet syndrome | 1 | 0.5 |
| Failed back syndrome/post-laminectomy syndrome | 2 | 1.0 |
| Degenerative disc disease | 12 | 5.9 |
| Radiculopathy | 7 | 3.5 |
| Sacral joint pain | 1 | 0.5 |
| Spondylolisthesis | 1 | 0.5 |
| Stenosis | 6 | 3.0 |
| Osteoporosis | 6 | 3.0 |
| Neck Pain | 20 | 9.9 |
| Cervical dysplasia | 1 | 0.5 |
| Cervical radiculopathy | 2 | 1.0 |
| Neck pain | 17 | 8.4 |
| Head Pain | 60 | 29.7 |
| Temporomandibular joint syndrome | 2 | 1.0 |
| Chronic headaches | 11 | 5.4 |
| Chronic migraine | 47 | 23.3 |
| Facial pain | 3 | 1.5 |
| Trigeminal neuralgia | 1 | 0.5 |
| Tinnitus | 1 | 0.5 |
| Extremity Pain | 68 | 33.7 |
| Arthritis | 10 | 5.0 |
| Osteoarthritis | 19 | 9.4 |
| Joint pain | 4 | 2.0 |
| Shoulder pain | 12 | 5.9 |
| Hand pain | 2 | 1.0 |
| Carpal tunnel | 5 | 2.5 |
| Ankle/foot pain | 11 | 5.4 |
| Plantar fasciitis | 1 | 0.5 |
| Hip pain | 14 | 6.9 |
| Bursitis | 2 | 1.0 |
| Knee pain | 22 | 10.9 |
| Chest pain | 9 | 4.5 |
| Wrist pain | 3 | 1.5 |
| Elbow pain | 3 | 1.5 |
| Arm pain | 1 | 0.5 |
| Neuropathic Pain | 13 | 6.4 |
| Peripheral neuropathy | 4 | 2.0 |
| Polyneuropathy | 4 | 2.0 |
| Diabetic neuropathy | 2 | 1.0 |
| Diabetic lumbosacral plexopathy | 1 | 0.5 |
| Ulnar neuropathy | 1 | 0.5 |
| Transverse myelitis | 1 | 0.5 |
| Abdominal Pain | 45 | 22.3 |
| Abdominal pain | 14 | 6.9 |
| Gastroparesis | 1 | 0.5 |
| Gastritis | 1 | 0.5 |
| Crohn’s disease | 3 | 1.5 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 5 | 2.5 |
| Sclerosing cholangitis | 1 | 0.5 |
| Irritable bowel syndrome | 17 | 8.4 |
| Diverticulosis/diverticulitis | 2 | 1.0 |
| Colonic disorder/colonic inertia | 1 | 0.5 |
| Dysphagia | 4 | 2.0 |
| Pelvic Pain | 49 | 24.3 |
| Dysmenorrhea | 5 | 2.5 |
| Menorrhagia | 1 | 0.5 |
| Endometriosis | 21 | 10.4 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 4 | 2.0 |
| Pelvic pain | 8 | 4.0 |
| Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome | 19 | 9.4 |
| Chronic UTI | 1 | 0.5 |
| Chronic cystitis | 1 | 0.5 |
| Vaginal pain | 1 | 0.5 |
| Prostatitis | 2 | 1.0 |
| Testicular pain | 1 | 0.5 |
| Chronic Fatigue-Related Pain | 12 | 5.9 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 5 | 2.5 |
| Chronic fatigue syndrome | 8 | 4.0 |
| Autoimmune Inflammatory Pain | 22 | 10.9 |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | 2 | 1.0 |
| Lyme disease | 2 | 1.0 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 6 | 3.0 |
| Ankylosing spondylosis | 2 | 1.0 |
| Sjögren’s syndrome | 1 | 0.5 |
| Inflammatory polyarthropathy | 1 | 0.5 |
| Polymyalgia rheumatica | 1 | 0.5 |
| Raynaud’s syndrome | 3 | 1.5 |
| Multiple sclerosis | 1 | 0.5 |
| Idiopathic proliferative fibrosing mediastinitis | 1 | 0.5 |
| Bechet’s disease | 1 | 0.5 |
| Erdheim-Chester disease | 1 | 0.5 |
| Retroperitoneal fibrosis | 1 | 0.5 |
| Cancer pain (stage IV pancreatic) | 1 | 0.5 |
| Metabolic Pain | 4 | 2.0 |
| Chronic kidney disease (stage III/IV) | 3 | 1.5 |
| Mitochondrial myopathy | 1 | 0.5 |
| Chronic Pain Not Otherwise Specified | 13 | 6.4 |
| Chronic pain | 3 | 1.5 |
| Chronic pain, unspecified | 1 | 0.5 |
| Chronic pain syndrome | 9 | 4.5 |
| M | SD | |
| Number of pain diagnoses | 2.69 | 1.84 |
| n | % | |
| Comorbid Psychiatric Conditions | 94 | 46.5 |
| Anxiety disorder | 36 | 17.8 |
| Depressive disorder | 52 | 25.7 |
| Mixed anxiety/depressive disorder | 15 | 7.4 |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder | 11 | 5.4 |
| Adjustment disorder | 1 | 0.5 |
Note. Psychiatric conditions are not comprehensive as they were not formally assessed and represent only those psychiatric conditions comorbid to pain that were considered clinically relevant with regards to treatment planning and that were indicated in medical records. n = frequency of patients with clinical diagnosis; % = percentage of subgroup; M = mean; SD = standard deviation.