Table 2.
Descriptive statistics of and correlations among the BPD, pain, emotional distress, and trauma variables.
| % | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. BPD (MSI-BPD) | 17.7% | ||||||||||||||||
| Pain | Mean | SD | |||||||||||||||
| 2. Pain Severity (NPRS-11) | 4.57 | 1.95 | .03 | ||||||||||||||
| 3. Widespread Pain (MBM) | 9.22 | 7.09 | .14 | .32*** | |||||||||||||
| 4. Continuous Pain (MPQ) | 3.98 | 2.10 | .21** | .70*** | .47*** | ||||||||||||
| 5. Intermittent Pain (MPQ) | 3.02 | 2.31 | .04 | .62 | .22** | .57*** | |||||||||||
| 6. Neuropathic Pain (MPQ) | 2.36 | 1.88 | .14 | .52*** | .46*** | .58*** | .53*** | ||||||||||
| 7. Affective Pain (MPQ) | 3.15 | 2.23 | .29*** | .55*** | .37*** | .69*** | .58*** | .56*** | |||||||||
| 8. Central Sensitization (CSIA) | 47.14 | 17.29 | .41*** | .40*** | .52*** | .59*** | .35*** | .50*** | .63*** | ||||||||
| Emotional Distress | |||||||||||||||||
| 9. Anxiety (HADS-A) | 9.32 | 4.72 | .50*** | .25** | .22** | .41*** | .30*** | .32*** | .55*** | .61*** | |||||||
| 10. Depression (HADS-D) | 6.88 | 4.42 | .31*** | .33*** | .26 | .42*** | .23** | .34*** | .54*** | .60*** | .65*** | ||||||
| Trauma | |||||||||||||||||
| 11. Childhood Sexual Abuse (CATS) | 1.66 | 2.78 | .31*** | .09 | .10 | .19* | .21** | .24*** | .23** | .32*** | .19* | .14 | |||||
| 12. Childhood Punishment (CATS) | 9.20 | 4.74 | .20*** | .16* | .13 | .30*** | .24** | .20** | .28*** | .44*** | .29*** | .36*** | .37*** | ||||
| 13. Childhood Neglect (CATS) | 17.69 | 13.75 | .42*** | .19* | .23** | .30*** | .26*** | .31*** | .32*** | .50*** | .33*** | .25*** | .46*** | .62*** | |||
| 14. Adult General Disaster/Traumatic Experience (THQ-Adult) | 2.37 | 2.07 | −.09 | .16* | .06 | .08 | .12 | .04 | .05 | .04 | −.05 | .16* | .24** | .09 | .05 | ||
| 15. Adult Crime-Related Trauma (THQ-Adult) | 0.47 | 0.73 | .07 | .17* | .18* | .20** | .11 | .09 | .10 | .14 | .06 | .13 | .13 | .15* | .10 | .08 | |
| 16. Adult Physical/Sexual Trauma (THQ-Adult) |
0.35 | 0.66 | .34*** | .01 | .12 | .23** | .16* | .15 | .13 | .18* | .16* | .13 | .28*** | .26*** | .19* | .17* | .30*** |
Note. Pearson product-moment correlations, two-tailed tests. BPD = borderline personality disorder; MSI-BPD = McLean Screening Instrument for BPD (dichotomized at a cutoff of 7 or more criteria); NPRS-11 = Numerical Pain Rating Scale-11; MBM = Michigan Body Map; MPQ = McGill Pain Questionnaire; CSIA = Central Sensitization Inventory—Part A; HADS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; CATS = Child Abuse and Trauma Scale; THQ-Adult = revised Trauma History Questionnaire after removing childhood trauma exposure.
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01.
***
p < .001.