Table 1.
Baseline characteristics (N = 2541)
| Variable | Apixaban cohort, n = 1086 | Dabigatran cohort, n = 535 | Rivaroxaban cohort, n = 920 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean ± SD, y | 73.1 ± 9.2 | 72.5 ± 10.0 | 71.9 ± 9.4 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 706 (65.0) | 366 (68.4) | 611 (66.4) |
| BMI, mean ± SD | 29.4 ± 6.0 | 30.2 ± 6.9 | 29.6 (6.4) |
| Race, n (%) | |||
| White | 1043 (96.8) | 524 (98.3) | 890 (97.7) |
| Nonwhite | 35 (3.3) | 9 (1.7) | 21 (2.3) |
| Unknown | 8 (0.7) | 2 (0.4) | 9 (1.0) |
| CHADS2,* mean ± SD | 2.1 ± 1.3 | 2.2 ± 1.3 | 2.0 ± 1.3 |
| CHADS2VA2Sc,† mean ± SD | 3.5 ± 1.7 | 3.5 ± 1.6 | 3.3 ± 1.7 |
| Modified HASBLED,‡ mean ± SD | 2.0 ± 0.9 | 2.0 ± 0.9 | 1.9 ± 0.9 |
| Medical condition, n (%) | |||
| Congestive heart failure | 216 (19.9) | 92 (17.3) | 120 (13.2) |
| Hypertension | 809 (74.7) | 402 (75.4) | 663 (72.3) |
| Diabetes | 291 (26.8) | 151 (28.2) | 242 (26.3) |
| Stroke | 85 (7.9) | 50 (9.4) | 64 (7.0) |
| Transient ischemic attack | 101 (9.3) | 70 (13.1) | 80 (8.7) |
| Coronary artery disease | 205 (19.0) | 94 (17.6) | 155 (16.9) |
| Peripheral artery disease | 7 (0.7) | 5 (0.9) | 10 (1.1) |
| Bioprosthetic heart valve | 30 (2.8) | 7 (1.3) | 18 (2.0) |
| Mitral valve disease | 116 (10.7) | 43 (8.0) | 74 (8.0) |
| Venous thromboembolism | 66 (6.1) | 29 (5.4) | 72 (7.8) |
| Cancer | 289 (26.6) | 133 (24.9) | 256 (27.8) |
| Active cancer§ | 88 (8.1) | 47 (8.8) | 91 (9.9) |
| Laboratory values | |||
| Hemoglobin, mean ± SD, g/L | 134.4 ± 17.5 | 137.2 ± 16.5 | 135.6 ± 17.6 |
| Platelets <100 × 109/L, n (%) | 5 (2.5) | 2 (2.2) | 3 (1.8) |
| Serum creatinine, mean ± SD, μmol/L | 93.7 ± 28.6 | 87.7 ± 22.0 | 90.2 ± 23.0 |
| CrCl, mean ± SD, mL/min | 78.0 ± 31.4 | 86.2 ± 36.5 | 82.1 ± 32.7 |
| Medication use, n (%) | |||
| Lower-dose DOAC regimen | 209 (19.2) | 204 (38.1) | 156 (17.0) |
| Aspirin | 137 (12.6) | 81 (15.1) | 89 (9.7) |
| P2Y12 inhibitor | 10 (0.9) | 7 (1.3) | 10 (1.1) |
| P-glycoprotein/CYP450 3A4 inhibitor or inducer | 64 (5.9) | 47 (8.8) | 47 (5.1) |
| Surgery type, n (%) | |||
| High bleeding risk | 335 (30.9) | 183 (34.2) | 314 (34.1) |
| Low bleeding risk | 751 (69.2) | 352 (65.8) | 606 (65.9) |
| Anesthesia type, n (%) | |||
| General | 358 (33.0) | 163 (30.5) | 330 (38.0) |
| Neuraxial | 85 (7.8) | 44 (8.2) | 52 (5.7) |
| Other | 603 (55.5) | 298 (55.7) | 504 (54.8) |
BMI, body mass index; CHADS2, congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, stroke; CHADS2-VA2Sc, congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, stroke, vascular disease, age 65-74 years, sex category; CYP450, cytochrome P450; HASBLED, hypertension, abnormal renal and liver function, stroke, bleeding, labile international normalized ratio, elderly, drugs or alcohol.
CHADS2 risk score range = 0-6. Risks include congestive heart failure, hypertension, age 75 years or older, diabetes, and previous stroke or transient ischemic attack.
CHADS2-VA2Sc risk score range = 0-9. Risks include congestive heart failure, hypertension, age 75 years or older or 65 years or older, diabetes, previous stroke or transient ischemic attack, female sex, and vascular disease.
HASBLED bleeding risk score range = 0-7. Risks include hypertension, abnormal renal or liver function, previous stroke, previous bleed or bleed predisposition, labile international normalized ratio (omitted), age 65 years or older, and drug use that affects hemostasis or alcohol use (omitted).
Cancer diagnosed within 3 months or treated within 6 months or metastatic. The percentage of patients according to each variable may not correspond to the exact proportion of total patients according to each DOAC as data on each variable was not available on all patients.