Table 2.

Univariate linear regression analyses (p-values and R²) of continuous VHAT variables

	TUFCa	TUOS	PPSO	PPAC
TUFC	–	P = 0.0001 R2 = 0.3004	P = 0.0001 R2 = 0.0459	P = 0.0066 R2 = 0.0048
TUOS	P = 0.0001 R2 = 0.3004	–	P = 0.8378 R2 = 0.0000	P = 0.5913 R2 = 0.0003
PPSO	P = 0.0001 R2 = 0.0459	P = 0.8378 R2 = 0.0000	–	P = 0.0001 R2 = 0.0328
PPAC	P = 0.0066 R2 = 0.0048	P = 0.5913 R2 = 0.0003	P = 0.0001 R2 = 0.0328	–

VHAT Voluntary Human Approach Test, TUFC time [s] until the first contact (touching the observer) of a pig with the person in the pen, TUOS time [s] until the observer is completely surrounded by pigs within a radius of approx. 2 m, PPSO percentage of pigs relative to group size [%] surrounding the observer after 1 min, PPAC percentage of pigs relative to group size [%] completely avoiding contact with the observer during the entire test period

^a study population: 1668 pig groups (pens) from 214 herds