Table 2.

Literature reviews on the aetiology of DTI in transtibial prosthetic users

Autor and year	Objective	Aetiological factor	Qualitative results
Mak et al. 2001 [40]	Overview over current knowledge about biomechanics in TTAa s	Deformation, impaired lymphatic system, ischemia	- Skeletal movement and friction lead to soft tissue deformation during gait - Stress and deformation affect cellular and tissue function mechanically and via impairment of ancillary systems - Magnitude, direction, distribution, duration, loading rate are crucial - Possible accumulative effect of repetitive stress
Mak et al. 2010 [9]	Overview over tissue response to loading	Deformation, impaired lymphatic system, ischemia, ischemia-reperfusion	- Immediate muscle damage by direct mechanical insult or over longer period by ischemia - Reperfusion exacerbates damage by oxidative stress and inflammation - Damage may accumulate if insufficient recovery time
Bader et al. 2019 [26]	Analysis of bioengineering tools for device related soft tissue damage	Deformation, lymphatic drainage, ischemia, ischemia reperfusion injury	- Direct deformation, impaired lymphatic drainage, disrupted microvasculature and ischemia reperfusion as aetiological factors - High inter-patient variability

^a Transtibial amputee