Table 2.
Smoking habits and use of alternative smoking products based on type of diagnosis
| Questionnaire items | Crohn’s disease | Ulcerative colitis | P value1 |
| Smoking habits and use of an alternative smoking product | |||
| Current cigarettes smoker | |||
| Yes | 268/425 (63.1) | 187/346 (54.1) | 0.012 |
| No | 157/425 (36.9) | 159/346 (45.9) | |
| Duration of cigarette smoking (yr) | |||
| < 1 | 22/410 (5.4) | 26/317 (8.2) | 0.13 |
| 1-5 | 46/410 (11.2) | 47/317 (14.8) | |
| 6-10 | 69/410 (16.8) | 56/317 (17.7) | |
| > 10 | 273/410 (66.6) | 188/317 (59.3) | |
| Extent of cigarette smoking (cigarettes per day) | |||
| < 1 | 12/425 (2.8) | 22/341 (6.5) | < 0.001 |
| 1-5 | 51/425 (12.0) | 67/341 (19.6) | |
| 6-10 | 120/425 (28.3) | 106/341 (31.1) | |
| 11-20 | 179/425 (42.1) | 113/341 (33.1) | |
| > 20 | 63/425 (14.8) | 33/341 (9.7) | |
| Current use of an alternative smoking product | |||
| Yes | 343/427 (80.3) | 282/355 (79.4) | 0.79 |
| No | 84/427 (19.7) | 73/355 (20.6) | |
| Type of smoking/nicotine product ever used | |||
| Cigarettes | 409/427 (95.8) | 330/355 (93.0) | 0.11 |
| E-cigarettes | 84/427 (19.7) | 71/355 (20.0) | 0.93 |
| Heat not burn tobacco product | 19/427 (4.5) | 25/355 (7.0) | 0.12 |
| Nicotine gum | 37/427 (8.7) | 36/355 (10.1) | 0.54 |
| Nicotine patches | 21/427 (4.9) | 23/355 (6.5) | 0.35 |
| Chewing tobacco/snus/snuff | 10/427 (2.3) | 15/355 (4.2) | 0.16 |
| Cigars | 44/427 (10.3) | 31/355 (8.7) | 0.47 |
| Pipes | 13/427 (3.0) | 8/355 (2.3) | 0.66 |
| Marijuana | 81/427 (19.0) | 56/355 (15.8) | 0.26 |
| Any other combustion/smoking product | 11/427 (2.6) | 5/355 (1.4) | 0.31 |
| None of the above | 2/427 (0.5) | 7/355 (2.0) | 0.09 |
| Ever stopped cigarette smoking and restarted | |||
| Yes | 264/426 (62.0) | 253/346 (73.1) | 0.001 |
| No | 162/426 (38.0) | 93/346 (26.9) | |
| Ever user of an alternative smoking product | |||
| Yes | 215/427 (50.4) | 196/354 (55.4) | 0.17 |
| No | 212/427 (49.6) | 158/354 (44.6) | |
| Current use of an alternative smoking product | |||
| Yes | 84/427 (19.7) | 73/355 (20.6) | 0.79 |
| No | 343/427 (80.3) | 282/355 (79.4) | |
| Duration of use of alternative smoking products | |||
| < 1 | 44/76 (55.3) | 46/81 (56.7) | 0.33 |
| 1-5 | 23/76 (30.3) | 16/81 (19.8) | |
| 6-10 | 10/76 (13.1) | 16/81 (19.8) | |
| > 10 | 1/76 (1.3) | 3/81 (3.7) | |
| Started cigarette smoking | |||
| Before IBD diagnosis | 392/426 (92.0) | 290/343 (84.6) | 0.001 |
| After IBD diagnosis | 34/426 (8.0) | 53/343 (15.4) | |
| Stopped cigarette smoking | |||
| Before IBD diagnosis | 85/250 (34.0) | 146/247 (59.1) | < 0.001 |
| After IBD diagnosis | 165/250 (66.0) | 101/247 (40.9) | |
| Restarted cigarette smoking | |||
| Before IBD diagnosis | 89/260 (34.2) | 66/243 (27.2) | 0.10 |
| After IBD diagnosis | 171/260 (65.8) | 177/243 (72.8) | |
| Started using an alternative smoking product | |||
| Before IBD diagnosis | 85/210 (40.5) | 85/185 (46.0) | 0.31 |
| After IBD diagnosis | 125/210 (59.5) | 100/185 (54.0) | |
| Switched from cigarette smoking to using an alternative smoking product | |||
| Before IBD diagnosis | 77/207 (37.2) | 81/184 (44.0) | 0.18 |
| After IBD diagnosis | 130/207 (62.8) | 103/184 (56.0) | |
The survey had a hierarchical structure, meaning that only patients who answered to certain items could answer to other following questions. For this reason, the denominator for several questions is different. In some cases, the patient did not answer and this can result in a missing value. We have transparently declared in our tables the denominator we have used to calculate the proportion of patients giving certain answers.
1
Fisher’s exact test. IBD: Inflammatory bowel diseases.