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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Lab Invest. 2019 Apr 25;99(9):1363–1375. doi: 10.1038/s41374-019-0256-3

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

Branching morphogenesis and FGF10 signaling pathway were inhibited in the Tgf-β1 CKO lungs. a–c To detect changes in the rate of lung branching morphogenesis, we collected E13.5 control and mutant lungs and counted the number of terminal buds in the left lung lobe. Lung branching was significantly delayed in the freshly isolated mutant lungs (n = 3). d–j Real-time qRT-PCR (d) and in situ hybridization (e–j) revealed that the FGF10 signaling pathway was strongly inhibited in the Tgf-β1 CKO embryonic lungs as suggested by the significantly reduced mRNA expression of the Bmp4, Shh and Fgf10 genes (n = 4) (**p < 0.01, *p < 0.05)