Table 2.
Prevalence of anxiety, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality during the COVID-19 outbreak period. Results of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.
| Variables | Insomnia |
Depressive symptoms |
Anxiety |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
| Area | ||||||
| Rural | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Urban | 2.09 (1.21–3.62)∗ | 1.78 (1.01–3.12) | 0.72 (0.42–1.23) | – | 2.08 (1.15–3.77)∗ | – |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 0.41 (0.31–0.54) | 0.43 (0.32–0.57) | 0.53 (0.40–0.71)∗ | 0.59 (0.44–0.79)∗ | 0.35 (0.26–0.46)∗ | 0.35 (0.26–0.46)∗ |
| Female | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Age | ||||||
| <35 years | 1 | – | 1 | 1 | 1 | – |
| ≥35 years | 0.89 (0.67–1.17) | – | 0.42 (0.32–0.57)∗ | 0.45 (0.34–0.62)∗ | 0.82 (0.62–1.08) | – |
| Occupation | ||||||
| Healthcare workersa | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Enterprise or institution workersb | 0.63 (0.41–0.98) | – | 0.96 (0.61–1.51) | – | 0.71 (0.45–1.11) | – |
| Teachers or studentsc | 0.66 (0.47–0.91) | – | 0.96 (0.69–1.35) | – | 0.86 (0.62–1.19) | – |
| Othersd | 0.47 (0.47–1.15) | – | 0.82 (0.52–1.29) | – | 0.87 (0.57–1.35) | – |
| Education level | ||||||
| Primary | 1 | 1 | – | 1 | – | |
| Secondary | 1.04 (0.28–3.79) | – | 2.06 (0.49–8.18) | – | 2.08 (0.51–8.49) | – |
| Universitaire | 1.40 (0.40–4.89) | – | 1.25 (0.32–4.91) | – | 1.78 (0.45–6.95) | – |
| Chronic diseases | ||||||
| Yes | 2.14 (1.42–3.22)∗ | 2.04 (1.35–3.10) | 1.08 (0.74–1.58) | – | 1.49 (1.0–2.11)∗ | – |
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | 1 | – |
Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval ∗P < 0.05.
a
Doctors, nurses, and health administrators.
b
Enterprise employees, national/provincial/municipal institution workers, and other relevant staff.
c
Teachers and students from universities, middle schools, or elementary schools.
d
Include freelancers, retirees, social worker, and other relevant staff.