. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Aug 12.

Published in final edited form as: J Sleep Res. 2018 Aug 30;28(5):e12756. doi: 10.1111/jsr.12756

TABLE 3.

Average peak oesophageal deflections and electromyogram activity observed during quiet breathing in the healthy subjects and obstructive sleep apnea patients

	Healthy subjects
	Young	Older	OSA
Pes (cmH₂O)	7.6 ± 1.2^*	7.1 ± 1.2^**	12.2 ± 2.9
EMG GG (%max)	7.6 ± 2.7^***	5.2 ± 1.9	6.9 ± 3.5^***
EMG non-GG (%max)	9.6 ± 4.4	3.9 ± 3.3^****	4.5 ± 1.6^*****

OSA: obstructive sleep apnea; Pes: oesophageal pressure; EMG: electromyogram; GG: genioglossus.

p < 0.05,

^**

p < 0.01 for comparison of Pes of healthy subjects and OSA patients.

^***

p < 0.05 for comparison of GG EMG of young healthy subjects and OSA patients with older healthy subjects.

^****

p < 0.01,

^*****

p < 0.001 for comparison of non-GG EMG of older healthy subjects and OSA patients with young healthy subjects.