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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Addict Behav. 2020 Jul 2;110:106539. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106539

Table 4:

Association of Drug Use Onset and Duration with Crime Types (n=614)

Odds Ratio 95% CI p-value
Drug Arrest
Long-Term User vs. Experimenter 4.488 2.438, 8.259 <0.001
Adolescent vs. Adult Onset 0.957 0.642, 1.427 0.830
Property Arrest
Long-Term User vs. Experimenter 2.108 1.355, 3.290 0.001
Adolescent vs. Adult Onset 1.052 0.736, 1.504 0.779
Violent Arrest
Long-Term User vs. Experimenter 2.289 1.398, 3.750 0.001
Adolescent vs. Adult Onset 1.400 0.958, 2.046 0.082

Note: Analyses control for age, race, and childhood neighborhood by design. Regression models adjust for gender, mother’s education, and childhood aggressive behavior.

Drug arrests include manufacture/delivery, possession with intent to sell, possession of drugs, and possession of drug paraphernalia. Property arrests include home invasion, burglary, larceny/theft, arson, deceptive practices, possession, stolen property, criminal damage, and criminal trespass. Violent arrests included murder, assault/battery, robbery, domestic violence, armed violence, kidnapping, and unlawful restraint.