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. 2020 Jun 18;15(3):163–170. doi: 10.4103/atm.ATM_59_20

Table 5.

Summary of studies that assessed the risk of obstructive sleep apnea in pregnant women using the Berlin questionnaire

Author Country Study sample and protocol Age of the sample at survey (years) Gestational age at survey (weeks) BMI at survey Conclusions
Fernandez et al.[17] Spain 367 women at the end of pregnancyNo control group 31±7.0 Median age 39 28±5.5 High risk for OSA in 40%Higher prepregnancy BMI and higher maternal weight at survey were predictors of OSA risk
Ko et al.[16] Korea 642 pregnant women59% were in the third trimesterNo control group 32.3±3.8 (range 20-45) 28.9±8.9 - High risk for OSAWhole group: 25.4%; 1st trimester: 17.2%; 2nd trimester: 21.1%3rd trimester: 28.8%
Rice et al.[25] Peru 1032 pregnant womenNo control group 28.6±6.2 (range 18-45) Between 24 and 28 - The prevalence of high risk for OSA was 2.1%, 8.0%, and 25.7% for lean, overweight and obese study participants, respectively
Karaduman et al.[31] Turkey 97 with chronic diseases and 160 healthyNo control group 30.1±5.0 - 25.2±3.6 The risk of OSA was20.6%-23.3% in the whole group10%-12.5% in healthy pregnant women34%-45.4% in pregnant with chronic diseasesHypertension and diabetes were predictors of OSA risk
Jaimchariyatam et al.[30] Thailand 1345 pregnant womenNo control group - 18.1±3.29 - The risk for OSA was 10.1%The risk of OSA was significantly associated with prepregnancy BMI
Ismail et al.[29] India 1000 pregnant womenNo control group 28.12+4.07 (range 18-45) - 31.5+4.1 13.4% women were high risk for OSA
Higgins et al.[18] USA 4074 women presenting for delivery, and a control nonpregnant women (n=490) 18-45 - High risk for OSA was 33% versus 20%, in pregnant and nonpregnant women, respectively, P<0.001
Antony et al.[28] USA 1157 were available for outcomes analysis 28.8 24.71 29.76 15.5% screened positive on BQ
Olivarez et al.[24] USA 220 pregnant women, 91% of them were Hispanic High risk: 29.5 Low risk: 27.9 38.7(range 25.8-42) BMIHigh risk: 26Low risk: 27 High risk OSA in 25.4%
Kapsimalis and Kryger[27] USA 150 pregnant women of a large survey of OSA risk in American women - - - 23% were found to have a high risk
Current study Saudi Arabia 742 pregnant women and 742 age-matched controls 29.4±5.6 (range: 16-45) 27.6±9 (range: 3-44) 29.8±6.1 High risk for OSA 19.3% in cases and 16.6% in controls

RLS=Restless legs syndrome, BMI=Body mass index, SD=Standard deviation, OSA=Obstructive sleep apnea

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