Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of all variables used in analyses (prior to imputation; n = 13 446). (Percentages indicate percentage of valid cases, except for the missing cases, where the percentages are for all cases.)
| year | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mother's fertility | |||||||||||
| 0 | 5434 (45.2%) | — | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | — | — | 0 (0%) | — | — | 0 (0%) |
| 1 | 4284 (35.6%) | 5434 (45.2%) | 3578 (38.4%) | 2015 (23.5%) | 1311 (15.2%) | — | — | 250 (10.3%) | — | — | 212 (10.0%) |
| 2 | 1702 (14.2%) | 4284 (35.6%) | 3859 (41.5%) | 4530 (52.9%) | 4906 (56.9%) | — | — | 1256 (51.8%) | — | — | 1069 (50.6%) |
| 3 | 447 (3.7%) | 1702 (14.2%) | 1362 (14.6%) | 1426 (16.7%) | 1747 (20.3%) | — | — | 615 (25.4%) | — | — | 532 (25.2%) |
| 4+ | 157 (1.3%) | 604 (5.0%) | 508 (5.5%) | 587 (6.9%) | 661 (7.7%) | — | — | 304 (12.5%) | — | — | 300 (14.2%) |
| missing | 1422 (10.6%) | 1422 (10.6%) | 4139 (30.8%) | 4888 (36.4%) | 4821 (35.9%) | — | — | 11 021 (82.0%) | — | — | 11 333 (84.3%) |
| mother's aid from co-religionists | |||||||||||
| no | 9522 (90.6%) | — | — | — | — | 6882 (89.9%) | 6277 (88.2%) | — | — | 5900 (87.6%) | — |
| yes | 986 (9.4%) | — | — | — | — | 772 (10.1%) | 843 (11.8%) | — | — | 834 (12.4%) | — |
| missing | 2938 (21.9%) | — | — | — | — | 5792 (43.1%) | 6326 (47.0%) | — | — | 6712 (49.9%) | — |
| mother's partner present | |||||||||||
| no | 687 (5.9%) | — | 718 (7.7%) | 221 (2.7%) | 219 (2.7%) | — | — | 760 (10.3%) | — | — | n.a. |
| yes | 10 909 (94.1%) | — | 8624 (92.3%) | 7973 (97.3%) | 7763 (97.3%) | — | — | 6645 (89.7%) | — | — | 6425 (100%) |
| missing | 1850 (13.8%) | — | 4104 (30.5%) | 5252 (39.1%) | 5464 (40.6%) | — | — | 6041 (44.9%) | — | — | 7021 (52.2%) |
| mother's partner's children in household | |||||||||||
| 0 | 11 904 (98.9%) | — | 9229 (98.9%) | 8459 (98.8%) | 8525 (98.8%) | — | — | 2118 (96.8%) | — | — | 1766 (95.6%) |
| 1 | 87 (0.7%) | — | 56 (0.6%) | 60 (0.7%) | 48 (0.6%) | — | — | 37 (1.7%) | — | — | 44 (2.4%) |
| 2 | 37 (0.3%) | — | 35 (0.4%) | 28 (0.3%) | 40 (0.5%) | — | — | 21 (1.0%) | — | — | 31 (1.7%) |
| 3+ | 11 (0.1%) | — | 11 (0.1%) | 11 (0.1%) | 12 (0.1%) | — | — | 13 (0.6%) | — | — | 7 (0.4%) |
| missing | 1407 (10.5%) | — | 4115 (30.6%) | 4888 (36.4%) | 4821 (35.9%) | — | — | 11 257 (83.7%) | — | — | 11 598 (86.3%) |
| mother's social network support | |||||||||||
| mean (s.d.) | 23.3 (3.85) | — | 23.4 (4.09) | — | — | 22.2 (3.89) | 22.9 (4.14) | — | — | 22.7 (4.29) | — |
| median [min, max] | 24.0 [1.00, 29.0] | — | 24.0 [2.00, 29.0] | — | — | 23.0 [5.00, 29.0] | 23.0 [1.00, 29.0] | — | — | 23.0 [1.00, 29.0] | — |
| missing | 2457 (18.3%) | — | 4284 (31.9%) | — | — | 5563 (41.4%) | 5894 (43.8%) | — | — | 6443 (47.9%) | — |
| mother's weekly hours work | |||||||||||
| mean (s.d.) | 1.40 (5.88) | — | 10.1 (13.0) | 16.8 (13.1) | — | 18.9 (12.5) | — | 19.1 (12.5) | — | — | 22.4 (13.1) |
| median [min, max] | 0.00 [0.00, 60.0] | — | 0.00 [0.00, 90.0] | 16.0 [0.00, 80.0] | — | 18.0 [0.00, 80.0] | — | 18.0 [0.00, 72.0] | — | — | 20.0 [0.00, 85.0] |
| missing | 4474 (33.3%) | — | 5077 (37.8%) | 8423 (62.6%) | — | 7971 (59.3%) | — | 11 331 (84.3%) | — | — | 12 082 (89.9%) |
| mother's age | |||||||||||
| mean (s.d.) | 28.0 (4.94) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| median [min, max] | 28.0 [15.0, 44.0] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| missing | 754 (5.6%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| focal child sex | |||||||||||
| female | 6539 (48.9%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| male | 6835 (51.1%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| missing | 72 (0.5%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| focal child ethnicity | |||||||||||
| non-white | 528 (4.8%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| white | 10 445 (95.2%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| missing | 2473 (18.4%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| mother's weekly household income | |||||||||||
| <100 GBP | — | — | — | 650 (8.2%) | 571 (7.3%) | — | — | 248 (3.6%) | — | — | — |
| 100–199 GBP | — | — | — | 1370 (17.2%) | 1184 (15.2%) | — | — | 729 (10.7%) | — | — | — |
| 200–299 GBP | — | — | — | 2291 (28.8%) | 2054 (26.4%) | — | — | 1245 (18.3%) | — | — | — |
| 300–399 GBP | — | — | — | 1705 (21.4%) | 1745 (22.4%) | — | — | 1554 (22.8%) | — | — | — |
| >400 GBP | — | — | — | 1941 (24.4%) | 2232 (28.7%) | — | — | 3042 (44.6%) | — | — | — |
| missing | — | — | — | 5489 (40.8%) | 5660 (42.1%) | — | — | 6628 (49.3%) | — | — | — |
| mother's church attendance | |||||||||||
| never | 6184 (56.4%) | — | — | — | — | 4182 (53.0%) | 2341 (31.2%) | — | — | 3503 (49.3%) | — |
| yearly | 3209 (29.3%) | — | — | — | — | 2111 (26.8%) | 3552 (47.3%) | — | — | 2093 (29.5%) | — |
| monthly | 760 (6.9%) | — | — | — | — | 797 (10.1%) | 806 (10.7%) | — | — | 661 (9.3%) | — |
| weekly | 816 (7.4%) | — | — | — | — | 795 (10.1%) | 812 (10.8%) | — | — | 846 (11.9%) | — |
| missing | 2477 (18.4%) | — | — | — | — | 5561 (41.4%) | 5935 (44.1%) | — | — | 6343 (47.2%) | — |
| mother's education | |||||||||||
| CSE/none | 1541 (14.5%) | ||||||||||
| vocational | 1103 (10.4%) | ||||||||||
| O level | 3943 (37.2%) | ||||||||||
| A level | 2550 (24.1%) | ||||||||||
| college degree | 1455 (13.7%) | ||||||||||
| missing | 2854 (21.2%) | ||||||||||