Figure 1.

Meta-analysis investigating premating isolation in cichlids. Premating isolation in cichlids (a) seems to be the norm as overall mating is assortative, (b) varies among lineages (all lineages comprise both, allopatric and sympatric comparisons except Tropheus cf. moori, which only includes allopatric comparisons) and (c) its strength is influenced by the geographical setting and genetic divergence. (d) Manipulative studies show that mate choice is context dependent. Log odds ratios depicted with 95% confidence intervals (CI) indicate the likelihood of premating isolation. (a–c) Ratios of 1 indicate mating with con- versus heterospecifics is equally likely, values higher than 1 express the fold increase in the likelihood of mating assortatively and values lower than 1 express the fold increase in mating disassortatively. (d) Ratios of 1 indicate mating with con- versus heterospecifics is equally likely as without manipulation, values higher than 1 express the fold increase in the likelihood of mating assortatively after manipulation and values lower than 1 express the fold increase in mating disassortatively after manipulation; n, number of contrasts (this can deviate from the number of studies included, as studies can include more than one contrast); I², percentage of variability that is owing to heterogeneity across studies rather than sampling variance, identities correspond to studies from which we extracted corresponding data: 1, [51]; 2, [52]; 3, [53]; 4, [54]; 5, [55]; 6, [56]. For more detailed representations of meta-analyses depicted in (b,c), see the electronic supplementary material, figures S2 and S3, respectively.