Fig. 1.
Structure of key GAGs. A, Hyaluronic acid (HA) disaccharide units, HA chains. B, Heparan sulfate (HS) disaccharide unit, HS chains, and linker tetrasaccharide structure. C, Chondroitin sulfate (CS) sulfate disaccharide unit, CS chains, and linker tetrasaccharide structure. D, Chondroitin, and dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) disaccharide unit, CS/DS chains, and linker tetrasaccharide structure. E, Keratan sulfate (KS) disaccharide units, KS chains. Abbreviations: Fuc, Fucose; GlcA, Glucuronic acid; IdoA, Iduronic acid; GalNAc, N-acetylgalactosamine; GlcNAc N-acetylglucosamine; Sia, Sialic Acid; Xyl, Xylose; Ser, Serine; Ac, Acetyl; S, sulfate (SO3H).