TABLE 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics by Case-Control Status for Glutathione S-Transferase μ1 Genotyping
| Variable | Cases, N = 75 | Controls, N = 92 | Pa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at primary cancer diagnosis, y | |||
| Mean ± SD | 8.3 ±5.47 | 9.4 ±6.35 | .2 |
| Median [range] | 7.8 [3.8-11.5] | 9.6 [3.3-14.8] | |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 43 (57.3) | 40 (43.5) | .07 |
| Cumulative anthracycline exposure, mg/m2 | |||
| Mean ± SDb | 306.9 ± 111.6 | 264.4 ± 125.1 | .02c |
| Median [range] | 300 [230.3-375] | 255 [150-368] | |
| Race: No. (%) | |||
| Asian | 4 (5.3) | 6 (6.5) | .9 |
| Black | 2 (2.7) | 4 (4.4) | |
| Hispanic | 4 (5.3) | 6 (6.5) | |
| White | 65 (86.7) | 76 (82.6) | |
| Chest radiation | |||
| Yes: No. (%) | 26 (34.7) | 24 (26.1) | .4 |
| Dose: Mean ± SD, cGy | 1044.1 ± 1640.5 | 811.9 ± 1792.7 | |
| Primary diagnosis: | |||
| No. (%) | |||
| ALL | 15 (20.0) | 18 (19.7) | |
| AML | 5 (6.7) | 6 (6.5) | |
| Bone | 20 (26.7) | 20 (21.7) | .9 |
| HD | 8 (10.7) | 10 (10.9) | |
| Kidney | 4 (5.3) | 4 (4.3) | |
| Neuroblastoma | 6 (8.0) | 9 (9.8) | |
| NHL | 8 (1 0.7) | 14 (15.2) | |
| Sarcoma | 9 (12.0) | 11 (11.9) | |
| Time from diagnosis to cardiac event (cases) or time to enrollment (controls), y | |||
| Mean ± SD | 7.42 ± 6.5 | 12.96 ± 7.1 | <.0001c |
| Median [range] | 6.0 [1.3-11.6] | 12 [7.4-17.2] | |
| Echocardiographic characteristics, %d | |||
| Ejection fraction | 39.4 | 65.9 | |
| Fractional shortening | 22.2 | 36.7 |
Abbreviations: ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; cGy, centigrays; HD, Hodgkin disease; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
a
P values were estimated using either chi-square tests and t tests for categorical variables or the Wilcoxon test for continuous variables.
b
Doses were not available for 1 case and 1 control.
c
This P value indicates a significant difference.
d
Echocardiographic indices were available for 100% of the cases and 61% of the controls; for the remaining controls, physician notes endorsed the absence of clinical signs/symptoms of cardiac compromise according to American Heart Association criteria.