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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020 Jul 15;214:108148. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108148

Table 4.

Use of other drugs in addition to cocaine (among civilian, non-institutionalized adults, from NSDUH), and involvement of other drugs in cocaine-involved overdose deaths among US adults (from Multiple Cause of Death [MCD] Dataset), 2018

Other drug involved NSDUH Cocaine users reporting use of another drug, past year,a % (95% CI) MCD Mortality Data Cocaine overdose deaths also involving another drug,b %
Any opioidc 50.10 (46.58–53.62) 74.22
Heroin 8.81 (6.27–12.24) 26.71
Prescription opioidd 45.48 (42.14–48.87) 12.52
Methadone 4.56 (3.15–6.56) 3.25
Synthetic opioide n.a. 59.06
Benzodiazepine 39.83 (36.58–43.18) 13.84
Psychostimulant with abuse potentialf 54.56 (50.52–58.54) 9.97

Notes.

a

Weighted results from the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) for adults who self-reported past-year use of cocaine.

b

Data for drug overdose deaths involving cocaine among adults in the US in 2018. No 95% CIs were included as mortality data represent a census, rather than a sample.

c

Including opium, heroin, prescription opioids, methadone, and synthetic opioids.

d

Hydrocodone, oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydromorphone, morphine, or codeine products; excludes methadone.

e

Excluding methadone; n.a. for NSDUH, as NSDUH does not report on all drugs in the synthetic opioid category.

f

Methamphetamine, amphetamine or methylphenidate products, or 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA); deaths involving psychostimulants with abuse potential most frequently involve methamphetamine (Ossiander, 2014). Abbreviations. CI, confidence interval; n.a., Not applicable.