Table 1.
Demographic variables and clinical characteristics
| SCZ-V (n = 24) | SCZ-NV (n = 51) | HC (n = 90) | Chi-square | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | n (%) | n | n (%) | n | n (%) | ||
| Sex (m/f) | 23/1 | 96/4 | 50/1 | 98/2 | 87/3 | 97/3 | p = 0.847 |
| Cannabis, last 2 weeks (no/yes)a (n = 24/50) | 22/2 | 91/9 | 44/6 | 88/12 | p = 0.939 | ||
| Cannabis, last 2 years (no/yes)a (n = 22/50) | 11/11 | 50/50 | 22/28 | 44/56 | p = 0.830 | ||
| Mean (SD) | Range | Mean (SD) | Range | Mean (SD) | Range | t test | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alcohol last 2 weeks (units)a (n = 22/49) | 1.59 (4.1) | 0–18 | 5.0(12.52) | 0–72 | p = 0.094 | ||
| Alcohol last 2 years (units)a (n = 21/46) | 372.86 (731.72) | 0–2496 | 511.24(878.46) | 0–4160 | p = 0.504 | ||
| CDSSa (n = 18/49) | 1.89 (2.47) | 0–7 | 4.35(3.67) | 0–15 | p = 0.002 | ||
| GAF symptoma (n = 21/51) | 43.33 (13.98) | 28–73 | 44.71(15.15) | 21–91 | p = 0.718 | ||
| GAF functiona (n = 21/51) | 40.38 (15.19) | 20–78 | 45.8(14.25) | 21–85 | p = 0.169 | ||
| PANSS positivea (n = 20/51) | 16.65 (7.36) | 7–28 | 14.67 (5.61) | 7–32 | p = 0.286 | ||
| PANSS negativea *(n = 21/51) | 18.62 (6.62) | 8–33 | 17.61 (6.47) | 7–43 | p = 0.556 | ||
| PANSS generala (n = 20/51) | 29.85 (9.9) | 18–49 | 32.61 (8.6) | 17–69 | p = 0.282 | ||
| Age at psychosis onseta (n = 23/50) | 19.04 (5.38) | 10–30 | 22.56 (5.13) | 14–39 | p = 0.011 | ||
| Age at first psychosis admissiona (n = 19/40) | 20.68 (4.92) | 10–29 | 24.48 (5.57) | 15–41 | p = 0.011 | ||
| Duration of illnessa (n = 22/49) | 13.6 (8.53) | 3.06–28.93 | 6.53 (6.02) | 0.35–22.15 | p = 0.001 | ||
| Antipsychotics (DDD)a (n = 20/48) | 1.81 (1.07) | 0.47–4.09 | 1.28 (0.85) | 0.05–5 | p = 0.06 |
| Mean (SD) | Range | Mean (SD) | Range | Mean (SD) | Range | ANOVA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years)a (n = 24/51/90) | 33.84 (8.21) | 19.2–49.1 | 28.89 (6.95) | 18.76–48.86 | 33.18 (7.72) | 19.45–46.22 | p = 0.002 |
| Years of educationa (n = 22/51/86) | 10.7 (1.82) | 9–15 | 13.45 (2.8) | 4.5–20 | 14.53 (2.29) | 11–25 | p < 0.000 |
| AUDITa (n = 19/48/83) | 5.21 (6.09) | 0–22 | 5.83 (5.83) | 0–22 | 5.39 (3.01) | 0–13 | p = 0.822 |
| DUDITa (n = 18/49/82) | 8.44 (9.9) | 0–29 | 4.39 (6.53) | 0–31 | 0.09 (0.36) | 0–2 | p < 0.000 |
SCZ-V schizophrenia patients with a history of violence, SCZ-NV schizophrenia patients with no history of violence, HC healthy controls, m/f male/female, SD standard deviation, PANSS Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, CDSS Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia, GAF Global Assessment of Function split version, DDD defined daily dosage, AUDIT alcohol use disorder identification test, DUDIT drug use disorder identification test
Bold p value indicates significant differences between groups
aValid scores in brackets