TABLE 3.
Mean joint angle (95% confidence intervals) of the swing limb when the affected-limb toe or unaffected-limb toe was above the obstacle.
| (A) Affected limb swing |
(B) Unaffected limb swing |
|||||||
| Crossing angle (°) | Spasticity group | Non-spasticity group | F | P | Spasticity group | Non-spasticity group | F | P |
| Trunk flexion (−)/extension (+) | −6.45 (−8.95–−3.95) | −5.19 (−7.10–−3.27) | 0.756 | 0.396 | −5.12 (−8.05–−2.18) | −6.00 (−7.84–−4.17) | 0.296 | 0.593 |
| Trunk lateral tilt Contra (+)/Ipsi (−) **,# | 8.72 (6.43–11.01) | 3.63 (0.55–6.71) | 9.464 | 0.007 | −5.08 (−6.70–−3.46) | −1.86 (−1.97–−2.06) | 8.115 | 0.011 |
| Trunk rotation Contra (+)/Ipsi (−) | 5.10 (3.60–6.59) | 3.03 (0.24–5.83) | 2.448 | 0.135 | −2.64 (−6.87–1.58) | −4.64 (−8.83–−0.46) | −0.266 | 0.790 |
| Pelvic tilt anterior (−)/posterior (+) | 5.54 (2.49–8.59) | 5.77 (2.57–8.96) | 0.013 | 0.912 | 1.61 (−3.19–6.41) | 2.37 (−1.78–6.54) | 0.071 | 0.793 |
| Pelvic lateral tilt Contra (+)/Ipsi (−)* | 10.77 (9.14–12.40) | 7.98 (6.32–9.62) | 7.264 | 0.015 | −4.65 (−9.32–0.02) | −1.68 (−4.53–1.16) | 1.322 | 0.265 |
| Pelvic rotation Contra (+)/Ipsi (−)** | −15.56 (−19.47–−11.65) | −0.79 (−5.13–−3.55) | 32.717 | 0.000 | 6.59 (5.06–8.13) | 4.42 (0.63–9.46) | 1.070 | 0.315 |
| Hip flexion (+)/extension (−) | 37.50 (31.17–43.83) | 43.12 (35.48–50.53) | 1.632 | 0.218 | 27.41 (19.17–35.65) | 26.38 (16.81–35.94) | 0.035 | 0.855 |
| Hip abduction (+)/adduction (−) | 9.29 (5.46–13.13) | 6.16 (2.36–9.95) | −1.709 | 0.087 | 8.64 (2.27–15.01) | 10.67 (3.59–17.74) | 0.233 | 0.635 |
| Hip rotation internal (+)/external (−)* | 7.95 (7.48–13.16) | 17.33 (10.07–26.81) | −2.165 | 0.030 | 12.16 (7.77–16.56) | 17.29 (11.48–23.10) | 2.646 | 0.121 |
| Knee flexion (−)/extension (+)* | −58.84 (−68.98–−48.69) | −74.61 (−87.81– −61.42) | 4.780 | 0.042 | −93.81 (−102.62–−85.02) | −96.48 (−105.99–−86.97) | 0.215 | 0.649 |
| Ankle DF (+)/PF (−)* | 5.18 (0.44–9.90) | 11.72 (7.19–16.24) | 4.937 | 0.039 | 14.04 (8.18–19.88) | 17.73 (13.09–22.35) | 1.158 | 0.296 |
DF, dorsiflexion; PF, plantarflexion; Contra, contralateral; Ipsi, ipsilateral; *reflects a significant difference between the two groups when the affected-limb toe was above the obstacle (P < 0.05); **reflects P < 0.01; #reflects a significant difference between the two groups when the unaffected-limb toe was above the obstacle (P < 0.05).