Figure 4.

GBM EVs Reprogram Recipient Astrocytes to Activate Oxidative Phosphorylation and Glycolysis

(A and B) Alterations in basal mitochondrial respiration, monitored as oxygen consumption rate (OCR), in EC, ECP, and HTA cells treated with 10x EV(+) CM and those treated with EV(−) CM for 2 (A) and 5 days (B). Quantification of the differences in basal mitochondrial respiration is shown in the right panel (N = 5 wells per condition).

(C) Alterations in the proton efflux rate (PER) in EC, ECP, and HTA cells treated with 10x EV(+) CM and those treated with EV(−) CM for 5 days. Quantification of basal and compensatory glycolysis is shown in the right panel (N = 5 wells per condition).

(D) Analysis of ENO1, HK1, HK2 mRNA expression in EC, ECP, and HTA cells upon their treatment with either concentrated EV(+) or EV(−) CM for 5 days. qRT-PCR analysis normalized to the expression of actin mRNA (N = 3 wells per condition).

∗P < 0.05; ∗∗P < 0.01; ∗∗∗P < 0.001; two-tailed t test. Data are represented as mean ± SEM.