Table 2.
Participant Characteristics Stratified by Region of Birth and Residence at Age 12 (Separately)
| Region of birth | Residence at age 12 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| South (n = 213) | North/Midwest (n = 284) | South (n = 136) | North/Midwest (n = 299) | |
| Key demographics | ||||
| Age (years) | 74.4 (6.6) | 72.8 (5.7)** | 73.4 (6.1) | 73.1 (5.8) |
| Sex (male:female ratio) | 58:155 | 66:218 | 39:97 | 71:228 |
| Education (years) | 14.0 (3.2) | 15.6 (3.6)*** | 14.1 (3.1) | 15.4 (3.6)** |
| Mini-Mental State Exam | 27.2 (2.8) | 28.2 (1.8)*** | 27.3 (3.2) | 28.0 (1.8)** |
| Body mass index | 30.0 (6.4) | 30.1 (6.4) | 29.5 (5.7) | 30.0 (6.4) |
| CVD-RF burden | 1.5 (0.8) | 1.4 (0.8) | 1.5 (0.8) | 1.4 (0.8) |
| Educational experience | ||||
| Attended public school (%) | n/a | n/a | 96.3 | 88.6** |
| Full-time (%) | n/a | n/a | 92.0 | 96.3 |
| Legally segregated (%) | n/a | n/a | 73.5 | 23.5*** |
| Segregation exposure (years) | n/a | n/a | 9.7 (3.3) | 7.7 (4.2)** |
| Cognitive composite scores | ||||
| Global cognition | −0.18 (0.52) | 0.20 (0.50)*** | −0.13 (0.53) | 0.16 (0.50)*** |
| Episodic memory | −0.11 (0.66) | 0.15 (0.62)*** | −0.03 (0.65) | 0.11 (0.65)* |
| Semantic memory | −0.24 (0.76) | 0.24 (0.61)*** | −0.18 (0.78) | 0.20 (0.63)*** |
| Working memory | −0.16 (0.70) | 0.18 (0.76)*** | −0.12 (0.68) | 0.17 (0.73)*** |
| Perceptual speed | −0.30 (0.71) | 0.25 (0.73)*** | −0.26 (0.73) | 0.20 (0.73)*** |
| Visuospatial ability | −0.17 (0.76) | 0.19 (0.77)*** | −0.15 (0.73) | 0.17 (0.77)*** |
Notes. CVD-RF = cardiovascular disease risk factor. Of the original 497 participants in our sample analyses, 61 did not have information on residence at age 12 and 1 had moved to a state outside our geographic areas of interest. All values are mean (SD) unless otherwise noted. Only key demographics and educational experience data were compared by region of birth and residence at age 12 (separately) with significance noted as *p < .05, **p < .01, and ***p ≤ .0001.