Table 2.
Two-part Model Estimates of Average Annual Medicaid Expenditures
| Logistic regressionCoef. (SE) [95% CI] |
p | Generalized linear modelCoef. (SE) [95% CI] |
p | Average marginal effects$ (SE) [95% CI] |
p | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dementia | 0.853 | *** | <.001 | 0.391 | ** | .003 | 6,278 | *** | <.001 |
| (0.230) | (0.130) | (1,518) | |||||||
| [0.401, 1.304] | [0.136, 0.646] | [3,302, 9,253] | |||||||
| Age | –0.004 | .780 | 0.058 | *** | <.001 | 527 | *** | <.001 | |
| (0.014) | (0.008) | (112) | |||||||
| [–0.031, 0.023] | [0.041, 0.074] | [307, 747] | |||||||
| Female | –0.208 | .298 | 0.714 | *** | <.001 | 6,003 | *** | <.001 | |
| (0.200) | (0.132) | (1,579) | |||||||
| [–0.601, 0.184] | [0.456, 0.973] | [2,908, 9,098] | |||||||
| Black | –0.784 | *** | <.001 | 0.052 | .738 | –1,943 | .212 | ||
| (0.217) | (0.155) | (1,557) | |||||||
| [–1.208, –0.359] | [–0.252, 0.355] | [–4,994, 1,109] | |||||||
| Hispanic | 1.253 | *** | <.001 | 0.077 | .805 | 4,590 | .132 | ||
| (0.333) | (0.310) | (3,048) | |||||||
| [0.600, 1.906] | [–0.531, 0.684] | [–1,385, 10,564] | |||||||
| Married | 1.777 | *** | <.001 | –0.022 | .941 | 5,289 | .075 | ||
| (0.333) | (0.304) | (2,973) | |||||||
| [1.124, 2.430] | [–0.618, 0.574] | [–5,371, 1,116] | |||||||
| Years of schooling | –0.075 | *** | .001 | 0.033 | * | .031 | 71 | .650 | |
| (0.023) | (0.015) | (156) | |||||||
| [–0.120, –0.031] | [0.003, 0.062] | [–235, 377] | |||||||
| Below Federal Poverty Level | 3.002 | *** | <.001 | –0.774 | *** | .001 | 2,083 | .254 | |
| (0.232) | (0.223) | (1,826) | |||||||
| [2.547, 3.456] | [–1.211, –0.337] | [–1,496, 5,661] | |||||||
| <1 year before death | 0.569 | * | .042 | 0.448 | ** | .006 | 5,930 | ** | .002 |
| (0.280) | (0.164) | (1,896) | |||||||
| [0.021, 1.117] | [0.126, 0.770] | [2,213, 9,646] | |||||||
| # Comorbidities | 0.091 | * | .050 | 0.188 | *** | <.001 | 2,027 | *** | <.001 |
| (0.047) | (0.031) | (421) | |||||||
| [0.001, 0.182] | [0.126, 0.249] | [1,202, 2,853] | |||||||
| # Extrapyramidal signs | 0.005 | .886 | 0.054 | ** | .009 | 517 | * | .027 | |
| (0.034) | (0.021) | (233) | |||||||
| [–0.062, 0.072] | [0.013, 0.095] | [60, 974] |
In the first part of this model, a logistic regression was used to estimate the probability of Medicaid coverage using the full sample. Conditional on having Medicaid coverage, the second part of the model estimated characteristics associated with Medicaid expenditures using a generalized linear model (GLM) with gamma family and log link.
* p<.05, ** p<.01, *** p<.001.