Table 3.
Seemingly Unrelated Regression of Older Husbands’ and Wives’ Cognitive Ability (n = 4,017 Husband–Wife Dyads)
| Husband’s cognition | Wife’s cognition | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
| β [95% confidence interval] | β [95% confidence interval] | β [95% confidence interval] | β [95% confidence interval] | |
| Spousal education (ref: no education) | ||||
| Incomplete elementary | 0.19 [0.13, 0.26]*** | 0.19 [0.12, 0.26]*** | 0.10 [0.03, 0.17]** | 0.10 [0.03, 0.17]** |
| Complete elementary | 0.31 [0.23, 0.38]*** | 0.30 [0.22, 0.37]*** | 0.23 [0.15, 0.31]*** | 0.22 [0.14, 0.29]*** |
| Beyond elementary | 0.49 [0.41, 0.57]*** | 0.47 [0.39, 0.55]*** | 0.38 [0.29, 0.46]*** | 0.34 [0.26, 0.42]*** |
| Own education (ref: no education) | ||||
| Incomplete elementary | 0.21 [0.14, 0.28]*** | 0.20 [0.13, 0.28]*** | 0.44 [0.37, 0.51]*** | 0.43 [0.35, 0.50]*** |
| Complete elementary | 0.45 [0.37, 0.53]*** | 0.44 [0.36, 0.51]*** | 0.66 [0.58, 0.74]*** | 0.64 [0.56, 0.72]*** |
| Beyond elementary | 0.78 [0.69, 0.86]*** | 0.75 [0.67, 0.83]*** | 1.03 [0.95, 1.12]*** | 0.98 [0.90, 1.07]*** |
| Demographics | ||||
| Own age | −0.02 [−0.03, −0.02]*** | −0.02 [−0.03, −0.02]*** | −0.02 [−0.03, −0.02]*** | −0.02 [−0.03, −0.02]*** |
| Spouse age | −0.01 [−0.01, 0.00]*** | −0.01 [−0.01, 0.00]*** | −0.01 [−0.01, −0.01]*** | −0.01 [−0.01, −0.01]*** |
| Locality size (ref: 100,000+) | ||||
| 15,000–99,999 | −0.04 [−0.10, 0.03] | −0.03 [−0.10, 0.03] | −0.01 [−0.08, 0.05] | 0.00 [−0.06, 0.06] |
| 2,500–14,999 | −0.13 [−0.20, −0.06]*** | −0.13 [−0.20, −0.06]*** | −0.12 [−0.19, −0.06]*** | −0.11 [−0.18, −0.05]** |
| <2,500 | −0.19 [−0.25, −0.13]*** | −0.20 [−0.25, −0.14]*** | −0.15 [−0.21, −0.09]*** | −0.15 [−0.21, −0.09]*** |
| Own employment history (ref: retired) | ||||
| Still working | 0.05 [0.02, 0.09]** | 0.03 [−0.01, 0.07] | 0.08 [0.04, 0.12]*** | 0.07 [0.03, 0.12]** |
| Never worked for pay | 0.04 [−0.06, 0.14] | 0.03 [−0.07, 0.13] | −0.07 [−0.11, −0.03]*** | −0.07 [−0.10, −0.03]*** |
| Income | ||||
| Income decile | 0.01 [0.00, 0.02]*** | 0.01 [0.01, 0.02]** | 0.01 [0.00, 0.02]** | 0.01 [0.00, 0.02]* |
| Shared socioeconomic status | ||||
| Couple-level wealth decile | 0.01 [0.00, 0.01] | 0.01 [0.00, 0.02]** | ||
| Spouse income decile | 0.00 [−0.01, 0.01] | 0.01 [0.00, 0.02]* | ||
| Own health and health behavior | ||||
| Chronic condition count | −0.01 [−0.03, 0.01] | −0.01 [−0.02, 0.01] | ||
| Activity of daily living limitation | 0.01 [−0.04, 0.06] | 0.00 [−0.05, 0.05] | ||
| Instrumental activity of daily living limitation | −0.13 [−0.21, −0.05]** | −0.14 [−0.20, −0.08]*** | ||
| Binge drinking (past 3 months) | −0.01 [−0.05, 0.04] | −0.01 [−0.12, 0.09] | ||
| Former smoker (ref: never smoker) | 0.05 [0.01, 0.08]** | 0.06 [0.01, 0.11]* | ||
| Current smoker (ref: never smoker) | 0.01 [−0.03, 0.06] | 0.01 [−0.05, 0.08] | ||
| Exercise/hard physical work 3+ times weekly | 0.04 [0.01, 0.08]* | 0.05 [0.02, 0.09]** | ||
| Depressive symptoms | −0.01 [−0.01, 0.00] | −0.01[−0.01, 0.00]* | ||
| Social support from spouse | ||||
| Perceived social support | 0.02 [0.01, 0.03]** | 0.00 [−0.01, 0.01] | ||
Note. Table presents unstandardized parameter estimates with 95% confidence intervals in brackets. Authors’ own calculation using data from the 2012 Mexican Health and Aging Study.
*p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001. Correlations of spouse-specific error terms were 0.62 (p < .001) and .62 (p < .001) for Models 1 and 2, respectively.