Table 1.
Descriptive Table of Participants Included in the Complete Cases Analysis, n = 2,767. Data Comes From ELSA Study Waves 2 (2004/2005) to 7 (2014/2005)
| Covariates all measured at Wave 2 | |
|---|---|
| Gender: female, n (%) | 1,493 (54.0) |
| Age, mean (SD) | 62.3 (7.1) |
| Ethnicity: Non-white, n (%) | 26 (0.9) |
| In coupled relationship, n (%) | 2,122 (76.7) |
| Education, n (%) | |
| Degree | 525 (19.0) |
| A level/higher education | 903 (32.6) |
| GCE and O level | 629 (22.7) |
| No qualification | 710 (26.7) |
| Employment status, n (%) | |
| Not in employment | 1,474 (53.3) |
| Full time ≥35 hr/week | 727 (26.3) |
| Part time | 566 (20.5) |
| Eyesight problems: Yes, n (%) | 207 (7.5) |
| Hearing problems: Yes, n (%) | 443 (16.0) |
| Pain: Yes, n (%) | 142 (5.1) |
| Long-standing illness, n (%) | 824 (29.5) |
| No long-standing illness | 1,380 (49.9) |
| Long-standing, not limiting illness | 672 (24.3) |
| Long-standing and limiting illness | 715 (25.8) |
| Social isolation score (0–9), mean (SD) | 4.8 (1.8) |
| Participating in civic activities: Yes, n (%) | 2,218 (80.2) |
| Frequency of arts engagement across the 10 years | |
| Engagement with the cinema, n (%) | |
| No or infrequent engagement at all waves | 1,572 (56.8) |
| Short-term (frequent engagement at one wave) | 316 (11.4) |
| Repeated (frequent engagement at 2–3 waves) | 371 (13.4) |
| Sustained (frequent engagement at 4–6 waves) | 508 (18.4) |
| Engagement with galleries/exhibitions/ museums, n (%) | |
| No or infrequent engagement at all waves | 1,695 (61.3) |
| Short-term (frequent engagement at one waves) | 317 (11.5) |
| Repeated (frequent engagement at 2–3 waves) | 327 (11.8) |
| Sustained (frequent engagement at 4–6 waves) | 428 (15.5) |
| Engagement with the theater/concerts/ opera, n (%) | |
| No or infrequent engagement at all waves | 1,409 (50.9) |
| Short-term (frequent engagement at one wave) | 486 (14.0) |
| Repeated (frequent engagement at 2–3 waves) | 364 (13.1) |
| Sustained (frequent engagement at 4–6 waves) | 608 (22.0) |
| Experienced well-being at Wave 7 | |
| Positive affect: maximum vs lower score, n (%) | 1,340 (48.4) |
| Evaluative well-being at Wave 7 | |
| Life satisfaction, mean (SD) | 26.6 (5.8) |
| Eudaimonic well-being at Wave 7 | |
| Control/autonomy, mean (SD) | 11.8 (2.6) |
| Self-realization, mean (SD) | 10.8 (2.9) |
SD = standard deviation.