Table 1.

Pathophysiological roles of SGK1 on hyperglycemia-induced complications.

Complications	Actions of SGK1	Functional outcomes
Diabetic retinopathy	Facilitate the accumulation of sorbitol	Retinal microvascular lesions
	Enhance the expression of EDB+FN	Dysregulated angiogenesis
	Hinder the clearance of glutamate	Neurotoxicity
Diabetic nephropathy	Fuel the Na+ reabsorption	Secondary hypertension
	Trigger the production of profibrotic mediators	Renal fibrosis
Diabetic cardiomyopathy	Accelerate Na+ entry into myocytes	Arrhythmia and heart failure
	Promote myofibroblast maturation	Cardiac remodeling