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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Aug 13.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Water Works Assoc. 2017 Nov 1;109(11):E464–E478. doi: 10.5942/jawwa.2017.109.0121

TABLE 3.

Dominant elements of interest (weight percent) making up the corrosion scale layers

Sample ID Layer Al Ca Ca Cl Fe Na P Pb Zn

Pb-A L1 16.0 0.9 7.4 0.04 2.2 0.1 12.1 14.6 0.02
L2 14.1 1.4 5.8 0.1 0.4 0.1 8.6 30.0 0.03
L3 5.0 1.6 1.2 <RL 0.4 <RL 2.3 62.7 0.03
L4 <RL 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.1 <RL 0.1 83.7 0.03
Pb-B L1 16.2 1.1 7.0 0.1 1.6 0.1 10.7 13.3 0.03
L2 9.0 1.9 1.9 0.1 0.5 0.1 3.3 46.9 0.02
L3 4.6 1.1 0.7 0.1 0.4 0.2 1.8 61.7 0.02
L4 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.2 76.2 0.02
G L1 4.2 1.9 1.4 0.2 31.3 4.3 2.7 0.8 21.7
L2 0.5 1.5 0.8 0.05 56.5 1.3 0.2 0.1 5.8
L3 0.6 3.0 0.2 0.08 55.6 1.6 0.1 0.1 7.8

<RL—below reporting limit, Al—aluminumn, C—carbon, Ca—calcium, Cl—chloride, Fe—iron, G—galvanized, ID—identification, Na—sodium, P—phosphorus, Pb—lead, Zn—zinc

a

Combustion analysis for carbon, X-ray fluorescence analysis for all other elements