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. 2020 Jul 29;8(7):e17480. doi: 10.2196/17480

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©Maximilian W M Wintergerst, Linus G Jansen, Frank G Holz, Robert P Finger. Originally published in JMIR mHealth and uHealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 29.07.2020.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR mHealth and uHealth, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://mhealth.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.

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Comparison of image quality between smartphone and conventional fundus imaging. Image quality in terms of sharpness (left; semiquantitative scale from 1 to 5 as previously reported [22]), reflex artifacts (middle; scale from 0 to 3; 3=reflex artifacts in <10% of the field of view; 2=reflex artifacts in >10% of the field of view; 1=reflex artifacts in >30% of the field of view; 0=reflex artifacts in >50% of the field of view), and contrast and illumination (right; scale from 1 to 3; 3=all vessels contrast well against fundus pigmentation; 2=most vessels contrast against fundus pigmentation; 1=only few retinal vessels visible) is shown for smartphone-based fundus imaging and conventional fundus imaging.