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. 2020 Aug 12;8:31. doi: 10.1038/s41413-020-0104-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Decreased osteoclast formation in Axin1^Osx KO mice. a In newborn Cre-negative tibiae, TRAP-positive osteoclasts were found on metaphyseal bone surfaces (yellow arrowheads), the inner region of cortical bone (blue arrowheads) and the ossification front (red arrowheads). In newborn Axin1^Osx KO tibiae, TRAP-positive osteoclasts in the bone marrow cavity and ossification front were significantly decreased. b TRAP-positive osteoclasts were decreased in the subchondral bone area of 2- and 4-week-old Axin1^Osx KO tibiae. c Osteoclast numbers were quantified. The results showed significantly reduced osteoclast numbers, normalized to trabecular bone perimeters, in the subchondral bone of 4-week-old Axin1^Osx KO mice compared with those of Cre-negative mice (n = 4, **P < 0.01). d–g Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) data showed decreased mRNA and protein expressions of MMP9 (red arrowheads) and cathepsin K (purple arrowheads) in subchondral bone (middle panel) and metaphyseal bone (lower panel) of 4-week-old Axin1^Osx KO tibiae. (n = 4, *P < 0.05)