Table 3. Association Between Preparedness for Residency With Overall Burnout, and the Burnout Subscales of Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization.
| Characteristic | OR (95% CI)a | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Emotional exhaustion | Depersonalization | Overall burnoutb | |
| Prepared for residency | |||
| Not prepared | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Prepared | 0.58 (0.51-0.67) | 0.64 (0.54-0.75) | 0.57 (0.48-0.68) |
| PGY level | |||
| 1 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 2 | 1.06 (0.93-1.22) | 1.12 (0.96-1.32) | 1.16 (0.99-1.37) |
| International medical graduates, % | |||
| <10 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 10-25 | 1.13 (0.96-1.35) | 1.09 (0.90-1.33) | 1.10 (0.89-1.36) |
| >25 | 1.10 (0.87-1.38) | 0.94 (0.75-1.17) | 1.09 (0.86-1.37) |
| Program size | |||
| Small (<4 residents per year) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Medium (4-7 residents per year) | 0.82 (0.64-1.06) | 0.92 (0.70-1.20) | 0.97 (0.73-1.29) |
| Large (>7 residents per year) | 0.84 (0.62-1.14) | 0.85 (0.62-1.16) | 0.86 (0.62-1.18) |
| Program type | |||
| Academic | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Community | 0.96 (0.79-1.16) | 0.89 (0.73-1.08) | 0.93 (0.75-1.14) |
| Military | 0.87 (0.59-1.34) | 0.63 (0.27-1.48) | 0.64 (0.26-1.56) |
| Location | |||
| Northeast | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Southeast | 0.93 (0.75-1.15) | 0.99 (0.78-1.27) | 1.09 (0.85-1.40) |
| Midwest | 0.95 (0.77-1.17) | 0.92 (0.74-1.14) | 0.94 (0.73-1.19) |
| Southwest | 0.90 (0.70-1.17) | 0.83 (0.60-1.15) | 0.95 (0.68-1.31) |
| West | 1.16 (0.93-1.46) | 1.50 (1.16-1.94) | 1.61 (1.24-2.08) |
| Self-reported gender | |||
| Male | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Female | 1.34 (1.16-1.53) | 0.79 (0.66-0.95) | 0.84 (0.69-1.01) |
| ABSITE percentile | |||
| <25 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 25-49 | 1.13 (0.93-1.38) | 0.86 (0.69-1.06) | 0.80 (0.65-1.00) |
| 50-74 | 0.86 (0.70-1.05) | 0.70 (0.56-0.88) | 0.65 (0.51-0.83) |
| >74 | 0.91 (0.73-1.13) | 0.85 (0.67-1.07) | 0.80 (0.63-1.03) |
| Study arm | |||
| Not enrolled | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Standard | 1.08 (0.90-1.28) | 1.06 (0.86-1.30) | 1.01 (0.81-1.25) |
| Flexible | 0.98 (0.80-1.20) | 0.96 (0.78-1.17) | 0.94 (0.76-1.16) |
Abbreviations: ABSITE, American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination; OR, odds ratio; PGY, postgraduate year.
a
Adjusted ORs account for clustering at the program level.
b
Overall burnout is defined as being in the top quartile for emotional exhaustion and depersonalization.