Table 2.
Baseline HRV parameters and changes over 6 months.
| Empagliflozin 10 mg daily (n = 33) |
Placebo (n = 33) |
Adjusted difference between empagliflozin and placebo |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Change from baseline at 6 months | Baseline | Change from baseline at 6 months | Mean (95% CI) | p | |
| SDNN (ms) | 100.2 (45.8) | -3.3 (23.4) | 108.3 (29.9) | 11.9 (44.4) | -18.6 (-34.3, -2.8) | 0.02 |
| SDANN (ms) | 87.0 (41) | -4.6 (23) | 93.9 (28.2) | 12.9 (47.1) | -20.2 (-37.3, -3.2) | 0.02 |
| RMSSD (ms) | 26.4 (12.2) | 0.4 (7.9) | 25.6 (9.9) | 2.0 (12.5) | -1.2 (-6.0, 3.6) | 0.61 |
| pNN50 (%) | 7.6 (7.8) | 0.7 (5.0) | 6.7 (6.7) | 0.5 (8.0) | 0.5 (-2.6, 3.6) | 0.75 |
| LF:HF | 1.7 (0.6) | 0.04 (0.6) | 1.6 (0.4) | 0.2 (0.8) | -0.1 (-0.4, 0.2) | 0.60 |
| VLF (ms2) | 656.6 (512.9) | 118.3 (1106.2) | 684.1 (437.4) | 984.8 (4198.1) | -907.8 (-2388.8, 573.1) | 0.23 |
| LF (ms2) | 317.4 (304.5) | 34.2 (376.0) | 285.6 (432.6) | 408.4 (1584.5) | -341.0 (-878.7, 196.7) | 0.21 |
| HF (ms2) | 134.6 (143.5) | 5.9 (85.7) | 111.0 (92.6) | 50.1 (215.2) | -33.8 (-111.1, 43.5) | 0.39 |
| Min HR (bpm) | 54.1 (7.6) | 0.6 (5.6) | 51.1 (7.0) | 0.1 (5.3) | 1.6 (-0.8, 4.0) | 0.20 |
| Mean HR (bpm) | 75.9 (10.4) | 0.7 (8.7) | 70 (9.5) | 2.6 (7.2) | 0.3 (-3.3, 4.0) | 0.86 |
| Max HR (bpm) | 111.9 (15.0) | 1.8 (13.8) | 107.6 (12.6) | 3.4 (13.3) | 0.3 (-5.8, 6.3) | 0.93 |
Data are presented as mean (SD).
bpm, beats per minute; HF, high frequency; HR, heart rate; LF, low frequency; pNN50, percentage of successive NN intervals that differ by > 50 ms; RMSSD, root mean square of successive RR interval differences; standard deviation; SDNN, standard deviation of normal to normal intervals; SDANN, standard deviation of the average normal to normal intervals for each 5-min segment of the 24-h recording; VLF, very low frequency.