Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants in the 2011 survey (n = 7545).
| Age ≤64 years (n = 4094) |
Age ≥65 years (n = 3224) |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Missing |
Home (n = 2383) |
Temp Housing (n = 1336) |
Other (n = 375) |
P value | Home (n = 1995) |
Temp Housing (n = 1030) |
Other (n = 199) |
P value | ||
| n (%) | Mean (SD)/n (%) | Mean (SD)/n (%) | Mean (SD)/n (%) | Mean (SD)/n (%) | Mean (SD)/n (%) | Mean (SD)/n (%) | ||||
| Age, yrs | 0 (0.0) | 50.0 (11.7) | 48.3 (11.8) | 48.7 (11.7) | <0.001∗ | 73.2 (5.5) | 73.0 (5.5) | 73.3 (6.1) | 0.556 | |
| Sex | Men | 0 (0.0) | 864 (36.3) | 501 (37.5) | 152 (40.5) | 0.258 ∗ | 1069 (53.6) | 499 (48.4) | 96 (48.2) | 0.017 |
| Anthropometric examination | Body weight (kg) | 0 (0.0) | 57.5 (10.4) | 58.5 (10.7) | 58.7 (10.9) | 0.008 | 55.1 (9.5) | 54.4 (9.6) | 54.5 (9.7) | 0.121 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0 (0.0) | 22.6 (3.1) | 22.8 (3.2) | 22.6 (3.3) | 0.241 | 22.9 (2.8) | 22.7 (2.8) | 22.6 (2.9) | 0.062 | |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 0 (0.0) | 79.6 (8.5) | 80.0 (8.4) | 79.7 (8.7) | 0.268 | 80.8 (7.9) | 80.5 (7.8) | 80.5 (7.5) | 0.685 | |
| Blood pressure | SBP (mmHg) | 1 (0.0) | 120.2 (17.9) | 118.5 (16.5) | 118.5 (17.6) | 0.007 ∗ | 129.9 (18.7) | 128.7 (18.5) | 127.9 (19.2) | 0.122 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 1 (0.0) | 72.9 (11.5) | 72.0 (11.3) | 72.1 (11.6) | 0.078 | 74.1 (10.5) | 74.0 (10.3) | 73.5 (11.5) | 0.734 | |
| Blood tests | TC (mg/dl) | 0 (0.0) | 205.2 (36.0) | 205.9 (36.6) | 205.5 (35.9) | 0.837 | 198.9 (34.3) | 200.4 (33.5) | 199.8 (32.4) | 0.507 |
| HDLC (mg/dl) | 0 (0.0) | 67.8 (17.1) | 68.5 (17.3) | 68.7 (16.6) | 0.426 | 64.5 (16.8) | 65.0 (16.7) | 63.4 (15.6) | 0.436 | |
| TG (mg/dl) | 0 (0.0) | 122.8 (81.6) | 125.8 (93.8) | 123.1 (73.2) | 0.589 | 118.5 (65.8) | 118.9 (60.6) | 119.6 (58.2) | 0.965 | |
| HbA1c (%) | 0 (0.0) | 5.52 (0.62) | 5.48 (0.52) | 5.45 (0.50) | 0.031 | 5.71 (0.65) | 5.67 (0.56) | 5.69 (0.66) | 0.201 | |
| Lifestyle | Current smokers | 0 (0.0) | 550 (23.1) | 374 (28.0) | 92 (24.5) | 0.004 | 214 (10.7) | 105 (10.2) | 14 (7.0) | 0.26 |
| Drinkers | 0 (0.0) | 902 (37.9) | 548 (41.0) | 164 (43.7) | 0.033 | 679 (34.0) | 323 (31.4) | 47 (23.6) | 0.007 | |
| Physical activity | Low physical activity | 40 (0.5) | 1103 (46.5) | 636 (47.7) | 174 (46.6) | 0.002 | 901 (45.5) | 566 (55.2) | 123 (62.4) | <0.001 |
| Moderate physical activity | 321 (13.5) | 219 (16.4) | 73 (19.6) | 323 (16.3) | 168 (16.4) | 22 (11.2) | ||||
| Food intake | Small number of meals (<3 times) | 47 (0.6) | 228 (9.6) | 161 (12.1) | 44 (11.8) | 0.045 | 28 (1.4) | 32 (3.2) | 7 (3.5) | 0.002 |
| Poor dietary intake | 0 (0.0) | 947 (39.7) | 605 (45.3) | 167 (44.5) | 0.003 | 605 (30.3) | 337 (32.7) | 72 (36.2) | 0.135 | |
| Socioeconomic status | Severe economic distress | 18 (0.2) | 1353 (56.8) | 859 (64.3) | 231 (61.6) | <0.001 | 706 (35.5) | 589 (57.6) | 107 (54.0) | <0.001 |
| Unemployment (2011) | 213 (2.9) | 512 (22.1) | 366 (28.5) | 99 (27.5) | <0.001 | 143 (7.3) | 192 (19.3) | 36 (18.3) | <0.001 | |
| Psychological factors | Psychological distress | 122 (1.7) | 1025 (43.5) | 652 (49.5) | 191 (51.9) | <0.001 | 675 (34.6) | 447 (44.4) | 87 (45.1) | <0.001 |
| Insomnia | 97 (1.3) | 748 (31.7) | 485 (36.7) | 150 (40.4) | <0.001 | 473 (24.2) | 394 (38.7) | 79 (40.1) | <0.001 | |
| Social factors | Low level of social network | 154 (2.1) | 1071 (45.6) | 567 (43.3) | 141 (38.0) | 0.019 | 735 (37.7) | 397 (39.9) | 65 (34.2) | 0.269 |
| Low level of social capital | 20 (0.3) | 239 (10.0) | 138 (10.3) | 43 (11.5) | 0.698 | 160 (8.1) | 84 (8.2) | 25 (12.6) | 0.084 | |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | Obesity | 0 (0.0) | 488 (20.5) | 300 (22.5) | 80 (21.3) | 0.367 | 435 (21.8) | 200 (19.4) | 41 (20.6) | 0.308 |
| Hypertension | 1 (0.0) | 537 (22.5) | 296 (22.2) | 75 (20.0) | 0.547 | 1132 (56.7) | 577 (56.0) | 108 (54.3) | 0.771 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0 (0.0) | 110 (4.6) | 60 (4.5) | 18 (4.8) | 0.965 | 223 (11.2) | 120 (11.7) | 25 (12.6) | 0.808 | |
| Dyslipidemia | 0 (0.0) | 914 (38.4) | 516 (38.6) | 147 (39.2) | 0.948 | 727 (36.4) | 393 (38.2) | 74 (37.2) | 0.651 | |
Continuous variables are presented as means (standard deviations). Categorical variables are presented as the number of cases (%).
P values were calculated using analysis of variance for continuous variables using Bonferroni correction, and the chi-squared test for categorical variables. ∗ Statistically significant differences between prefabricated temporary housing group and home group.
Abbreviations: Other, other accommodations; Temp Housing, prefabricated temporary housing; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; HDLC, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; SD, standard deviation.