Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2020 Aug 13;18:235. doi: 10.1186/s12916-020-01678-8

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 2 — Restricted cubic splines for the association of Coronary Artery Calcium (CACS) and ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption, in the AWHS cohort study (N = 1876). The standard binary logistic regression was used to perform restricted cubic splines with 3 knots of the distribution (at the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles of the distribution). Participants with an exposure above the 99th percentile were not included. Dashed lines represent 95% CIs. The histograms show the distributions of energy-adjusted ultra-processed food consumption. a The odds of CACS > 0 (p value of the Wald test for non-linearity is 0.59) and b the odds of CACS > 100 (p value of the Wald test for non-linearity is 0.029) as ultra-processed food consumption increases. Models adjusted for age, marital status, education, smoking, physical activity, sleep duration during weekdays and during the weekend, alcohol consumption, total fiber intake, cholesterol intake, total energy intake, and cardiovascular risk factors: total serum cholesterol, HDL serum cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, and diabetes. AWHS, Aragon Workers’ Health Study; CACS, Coronary Agatston Calcium Score; UPF, ultra-processed food; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval